Nitrogen-halogen single bonds

The fingerprint region (1500-500 cm 1), where all single bonds between carbon and elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and halogens absorb... 

In this section, you reviewed how to name and draw alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. You also learned how to name aromatic hydrocarbons. The names of all the other organic compounds you will encounter in this unit are based on the names of hydrocarbons. In the next section, you will learn about organic compounds that have single bonds to halogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and nitrogen atoms. 

Carbon atoms readily form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and with atoms of other nonmetals, especially hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens. Carbon atoms form these bonds by sharing pairs of electrons with atoms of other elements. When two atoms share two electrons, the bond is called a single bond (symbolized in a structural formula by a single dash - ). When four electrons are shared, the bond is called a double bond (symbolized by a double dash = ). When six electrons are shared, the bond is called a triple bond (symbolized by a triple dash <=> ). A carbon atom will... 

The OH unit, the C-O-C unit, and the amine units are examples oi functional groups collections of atoms that impart physical cmd chemical characteristics to a molecule. These particular functional groups contain polarized covalent bonds and their chemical reactions will differ from the C=C and C=C units discussed previously. This section will show several functional groups based on single bonds to nitrogen and oxygen bonds to halogen atoms will also be included. 

Figure 2.9 represents nitrogen s triple bond through orbital notation. Like the single bonds in hydrogen and halogen molecules, the triple bond in nitrogen molecules is nonpolar. 

Up to now, we have looked at covalent bonding in molecules or polyatomic ions that have only single bonds. However, in some molecular compounds, atoms share two or three pairs of electrons to complete their octets. A double bond occurs when two pairs of electrons are shared in a triple bond, three pairs of electrons are shared. Atoms of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are most likely to form multiple bonds. Atoms of hydrogen and the halogens do not form double or triple bonds. 

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