Halides, physical properties

Antimony dichloride trifluoride, 3 62t Antimony dioxide, 3 59 Antimony graphite fluoride, 3 63-64 Antimony halides, physical properties of, 3 61t... 

Triorganotin chlorides, in triorganotin preparation, 24 815-816 Triorganotin halides, physical properties of, 24 814t... 

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides Intermolecular Forces... 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL HALIDES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES... 

Aryl halides resemble alkyl halides m many of their physical properties All are practi cally insoluble m water and most are denser than water... 

Comparison of Physical Properties of an Arene, a Phenol, and an Aryl Halide... 

Table 4. Physical Properties of Typical Triorganotin Halides ...

Arsenic Halides. Arsenic forms a complete series of trihaUdes, but arsenic pentafluoride is the only well-known simple pentahaUde. AH of the arsenic haUdes, the physical properties of which are given in Table 2, are covalent compounds that hydrolyze in the presence of water. The trihaUdes form pyramidal molecules similar to the trivalent phosphoms analogues and may be prepared by direct combination of the elements. 

Table 12.3 Some physical properties of the binary phosphorus halides...

It is common practice to refer to the molecular species HX and also the pure (anhydrous) compounds as hydrogen halides, and to call their aqueous solutions hydrohalic acids. Both the anhydrous compounds and their aqueous solutions will be considered in this section. HCl and hydrochloric acid are major industrial chemicals and there is also a substantial production of HF and hydrofluoric acid. HBr and hydrobromic acid are made on a much smaller scale and there seems to be little industrial demand for HI and hydriodic acid. It will be convenient to discuss first the preparation and industrial uses of the compounds and then to consider their molecular and bulk physical properties. The chemical reactivity of the anhydrous compounds and their acidic aqueous solutions will then be reviewed, and the section concludes with a discussion of the anhydrous compounds as nonaqueous solvents. 

The other hydrogen halides are less tractable as solvents, as might be expected from their physical properties (p. 813), especially their low bps, short liquid ranges, low dielectric constants and negligible self-dissociation into ions. Nevertheless, they have received some attention, both for comparison with HF and as preparative media with their own special advantages.In particular, because of their low bp and consequent ease of removal, the liquid HX solvent systems have provided convenient routes to BX4, BF3C1 ,... 

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