Aryl halides physical properties

Aryl halides resemble alkyl halides m many of their physical properties All are practi cally insoluble m water and most are denser than water... 

Comparison of Physical Properties of an Arene, a Phenol, and an Aryl Halide... 

The physical properties of unsubstituted aryl halides are much like those of the corresponding alkyl halides. Thus, boiling points, melting points, and solubilities of aryl halides are very similar to those of alkyl halides containing the same number of carbon atoms. 

Organohalides (Figure 1.17) exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties. These compounds consist of halogen-substituted hydrocarbon molecules, each of which contains at least one atom of F, Cl, Br, or I. They may be saturated (alkyl halides), unsaturated (alkenyl halides), or aromatic (aryl halides). The most widely manufactured organohalide compounds are chlorinated hydrocarbons, many of which are regarded as environmental pollutants or hazardous wastes. 

Diaryliodonium salts are the most stable and well-investigated class of iodonium salts. The first example of these compounds, (4-iodophenyl)phenyliodonium bisulfate, was prepared by Hartmann and Meyer in 1894 from iodosylbenzene and sulfuric acid [368]. Diaryliodonium salts Ar2l+ X are air- and moisture-stable compounds, whose physical properties are strongly affected by the nature of the anionic part of the molecule. In particular, diaryliodonium salts with halide anions are generally sparingly soluble in many organic solvents, whereas triflate and tetrafluoroborate salts have a better solubility. The chemistry of aryl-and heteroaryliodonium salts has been extensively covered in several reviews [361,369,370]. 

TABLE 7.1. Some Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of Alkyl, Alkenyl, and Aryl Halides... 

Abstract This review covers the recent recyclable protocols for the C-N bond forming reactions between aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic amines such as imidazoles, benzimidazoles, benzylamines, piperidine, pyrrole, imides, anilines, hexyl, cyclohexyl amines, and amides as coupling partners with aryl iodides, bromides, chlorides, and arylboronic acids employing copper-mediated systems. The physical properties and characterization of the catalysts and their use in organic synthesis will be outlined. Most importantly, these recyclable versions developed by many groups in the recent years are potential candidates for commercial exploitation. The effect of additives, solvents, temperature, base, the nature of aryl halides on reactivity, and recycle studies of the heterogeneous catalysts are included in this... 

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