Phenols halides

R—N=N Aryl diazonium 10ns are formed by treatment of primary aromatic amines with nitrous acid They are ex tremely useful in the preparation of aryl halides phenols and aryl cyanides... 

Phenols resemble aryl halides in that the functional group resists displacement. Unlike ROH, phenols do not react with HX, SOCI2, or phosphorus halides. Phenols are reduced to hydrocarbons, but the reaction is used for structure proof and not for synthesis. 

Based on their chemical structure, the organic chemicals were divided into a number of categories alkanes, alkenes, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzenes, carboxylic acids, halides, phenols, and sulfonic acid. Linear regression analysis has been applied using the method of least-squares fit. Each correlation required at least three datapoints, and the parameters chosen were important to ensure comparable experimental conditions. Most vital parameters in normalizing oxidation rate constants for QSAR analysis are the overall liquid volume used in the treatment system, the source of UV light, reactor type, specific data on substrate concentration, temperature, and pH of the solution during the experiment. 

HBr and HI convert both alkyl i groups (but not aromatic groups) of I an ether to alkyl halides. Phenolic I products are unreactive, however. 

Aryl halide - phenol. In a novel route from an aryl halide to a phenol, /-butyl hydroperoxide is treated with I equivalent of ethylmagnesium bromide to form the MgBr derivative, and 1 equivalent of phenylmagnetium bromide ti added hydrolysis of the reaction mixture alfordi phenol In good yield. 

Phenols are highly reactive toward the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions involving tertiary alkyl halides. Phenol, 2-methylphenol and 2,6-dimethylphenol react with tertiary alkyl halides such as 1-bromoadamantane in the absence of any external catalyst to give exclusively the para-(l-adamantyl)phenols (equation 1). These compounds have found... 

Several methods are available to supplement the phenol alkylations described above. Primary alkylphenols can be produced using the more traditional Friedel-Crafts reaction. Thus an -butylphenol can be synthesized direcdy from a butyl halide, phenol, and mild Lewis acid catalyst. Alternatively, butyryl chloride can be used to acylate phenol producing a butyrophenone. Reduction with hydrazine (a Wolff-IGshner reduction) generates butylphenoL... 

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