H2O condensation

Fig. 2. Overall schematic of solid fuel combustion (1). Reaction sequence is A, heating and drying B, solid particle pyrolysis C, oxidation and D, post-combustion. In the oxidation sequence, left and center comprise the gas-phase region, tight is the gas—solids region. Noncondensible volatiles include CO, CO2, CH4, NH, H2O condensible volatiles are C-6—C-20 compounds oxidation products are CO2, H2O, O2, N2, NO, gaseous organic compounds are CO, hydrocarbons, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulates are inerts, condensation products, and solid carbon products.

For the Heron Field, original formation water concentrations (corrected elemental residual salt analyses CERSA) were back-calculated using ERSA leachate analyses, the volume of the core sample, and values for core sample porosity and from nearby core samples. Further corrections were made for H2O condensation from the oil-phase to formation water using a Shell in-house PVT package. The total dataset used in this study included analyses of 478 samples (189 water samples, 274 ERSA samples, 15 CERSA samples). 

Figure 16.18 CPOM with thermal water splitting as oxygen source Amount of H2 obtained on the retentate side after H2O condensation (O) and amount of O2 transported through the OTM (O) to the methane side where the CPOM takes place as a function of temperature. Experimental details Flow rate on the cores side of the BCFZ hollow fiber membrane = 40 mL min (30 mL min H2O + 10 mL min He). Flow rate on the shell side = 50 mL min (3 mL min Ne + 47 mL min CH4). 0.88 cm ...

Figure 2.15a shows axial temperature profiles measured during experiment 3. Again deposition of CO2 occurs and a CO2 front develops, similar to experiment 1. The gas feed mixture also contains H2O during this experiment, resulting in H2O condensation at the packing surface. In between the zones where H2O is condensed and CO2 is desublimated, a small amount of H2O ice is also observed. This is caused by the decrease in the H2O concentration and the temperature at the condensing front. At some point, the mixture reaches conditions below the triple point of H2O, and desublimation of H2O is observed. 

In PEM fuel cells, the main operating limitation is the water management. Water is the main product of the cathode reaction, and is evacuated out through the cathode flow channels more details on PEM fuel cell operation and schematics can be found in the next chapter of this book. Failure to evacuate enough water causes the H2O condensation within the fuel cell which blocks the reactant flow channels. Removing water excessively, on the other hand, reduces the polymer electrolyte s ability to conduct protons. 

Example 300 000 m h of process air being purified in the molsieve at 15 °C and 5.7 bar within an adsorption cycle of 4 h Typically the heat for adsorption of HjO on a zeolit is 1.2-2 times higher than the H2O condensation heat, which is 1808 kj m[] For this exemplary calculation an adsorption heat of 2680 kj mj ] is assumed. The adsorption heat of CO2 is 2050 kJ The water content of the... 

Radioactivity may be present in the off-gas in the form of solid aerosols (dusts bearing radioactive emitters such as Co), in chemical gases (e.g. CO2 containing C) and in liquid aerosols (such as H2O condensed in cold sections of the system containing H). 

In the cold Antarctic stratosphere, however, the aerosol content may become much larger than in the background stratosphere as found from solar extinction measurements [6, 7]. This excess aerosol, termed polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) has previously [7] been explained in terms of H2O condensation alone. 

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