Guldberg, Cato Maximilian

The fundamental law of chemical equilibrium is the law of mass action, formulated in 1864 by Cato Maximilian Guldberg and Peter Waage. It has since been redefined several times. Consider the equilibrium between the four chemical species A, B, C and D ... 

Two Norwegians named Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836-1902) and Peter Waage (1833-1900) carried out a comprehensive study of equilibrium between 1864 and 1879. Their work led to what is known as... 

In 1864, the Norwegian chemists Cato Maximilian Guldberg and Peter Waage proposed the law of chemical equilibrium, which states that at a given temperature, a chemical system may reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations has a constant value. For example, the general equation for a reaction at equilibrium can be written as follows. 

Science is based on the resuits of experiments. The development of the equilibrium concept is typical. On the basis of their observations of many chemical reactions, two Norwegian chemists, Cato Maximilian Guldberg and Peter Waage, proposed in 1864 the law of chemical equilibrium (originally called the law of mass action) as a general description of the equilibrium condition. Guldberg and Waage postulated that for a reaction of the type... 

Chemists carried out studies of this kind on other chemical systems in the nineteenth century before Haber s work. In 1864, Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836—1902) and Peter Waage (1833—1900) postulated their law of mass action, which expresses, for any reaction, the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products present at equilibrium. Suppose we have the general equilibrium equation... 

Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836—1902), Norwegian mathematician, particularly interested in physical chemistry. 

Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836-1902). Norwegian chemist and mathematician. Guldberg s research was mainly in thermodynamics. 

The first quantitative expression of the law of mass action was presented by Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1833-1902) and Peter Waage (1839-1900) two years later (Guldberg Waage, 1864). They was Norwegian Professors of Mathematics and Chemistry at the Christiania University of Oslo and brothers in law (fig. 6). 

Wilhelmy s work remained largely unnoticed until Ostwald drew attention to it over 30 years later. In the meantime, three pairs of workers had performed important work on reaction kinetics and chemical equilibria. They were the Frenchmen Berthelot and Leon Pean de Saint-Gilles (1832-1863), the Norwegians Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836-1902) and Peter Waage (1833-1900), and the Englishmen Augustus Vernon Harcourt (1834-1919) and William Esson (1839-1916). 

January 1900) was professor of chemistry (1862) in the university of tiania (Oslo). Cato Maximilian Guldberg (Chi tiania (Oslo) 11 August... 

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