The University in Christiania

The mountain school at Kongsberg was closed when the university was founded in 1811 and its mineral and book collection transferred to the Kongelig Frederiks Universitet (Royal Frederick s University or the University in Christiania). Only 20 candidates were educated in the period in which the school was in operation. The education of candidates for the mining industry was continued at the university until 1910. But this early education of engineers was not expanded to other fields at the university. Instead separate technical schools were established in the German tradition. The majority at the university wanted to keep the applied sciences out so that the professors could concentrate... 

He was then only 26 years old and educated as a pharmacist. He had gained his Ph.D. in Leipzig under Johaimes Wislicenus (1835-1902) the year before and had just started to work at the university in Christiania as an assistant to Hiortdahl. He became professor of organic chemistry in Christiania in 1918 when Hiortdahl retired. Dedichen (1932). 

The majority of the members of the society had a background in engineering (ingeniorkjemikere - engineering chemists). However, the dominant group was the chemists at the university in Christiania even though they were few. Professor Hiortdahl later became the first honorary member of the group of chemists. 

Adolph Friedrich Ludwig Strecker (1822-1871) was born in Darmstadt, Germany, and received his Ph.D. in 1842 at the University of Giessen with Justus von Liebig. Following a period as assistant to Liebig, Strecker became Professor of Chemistry at the University of Christiania and then at the University of Tubingen. 

Despite the union with Sweden the cultural ties to Denmark remained strong. In the golden age in Norway from about 1850 to 1914 science blossomed at the university in the capital Christiania and an increasing number of chemical engineers were educated at technical schools in Norway and in Germany. Chemistry slowly became an established profession and not only a part of the education of pharmacists, physicians and teachers at the university. 

Det Kongelig Norske Videnskabers Selskab (The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters) was founded in 1760 in Trondheim, and it is consequently the oldest learned society in Norway. Both Keyser and Thaulow were members. A separate society was, however, founded in the capital in 1857, entitled then Videnskabsselskabet in Christiania, which was later altered to Det Norske Videnskaps-akademi (the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters). The academy had a limited number of members from all scientific disciplines. In the beginning all professors at the university became members. However, due to lack of resources the academy has never played an important role in the country as similar academies in some other countries. 

The executive committee had four members and the election period was one year. Waage was elected the first chairman from 1893 until 1898, when Thorup took over and served to 1904 as shown in Table 10.2. With few exceptions the chainnan was a university professor. One exception was Nicolaysen who was headmaster (overlaerer) at the technical school in Christiania. Halvorsen and Farup both became professors at the Norwegian Technical College in... 

With a population of less than one million at the turn of the nineteenth century, Norway was a small country fighting for its independence. After almost four hundred years as a province of Denmark-Norway, Danish rule was replaced in 1814 by a union with Sweden that lasted until 1905. The country s first university, the Royal Frederik University of Christiania (currently the University of Oslo), was established in 1811, tied to the effort to achieve political liberation from Denmark. Almost a hundred years later, in 1910, it was joined by the Norwegian Institute... 

The first quantitative expression of the law of mass action was presented by Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1833-1902) and Peter Waage (1839-1900) two years later (Guldberg Waage, 1864). They was Norwegian Professors of Mathematics and Chemistry at the Christiania University of Oslo and brothers in law (fig. 6). 

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