Growth ring

Each tubercle exhibited small clam-shell marks or growth rings (Fig. 3.30). Each ring was formed by fracture at the tubercle base during growth. Ejected internal contents rapidly deposited when contacting oxygenated waters. Tubercles were hollow (Fig. 3.31). Surfaces below the... 

The study of the nature of wood growth rings revealed, during the first half of the twentieth century, that there is a direct relationship between the... 

For more than 80 years, tree-ring data have been used to make inferences about past climatic variation. In general, the characteristic most often used has been the variations in widths of the annual growth rings. However, during the past decade other properties, such as cell density (measured by x-ray densiometric techniques), relative widths of early and late wood, and isotopic composition of the cellulose have been used to infer past environmental conditions. It is the isotopic composition that is of interest here. 

Pilling, E. and Smith, A. M. (2003). Growth ring formation in the starch granules of potato tubers. Plant Physiol. 132, 365-371. 

Fast grown softwood from plantation sources is generally characterized by a high proportion of juvenile wood and often poorly developed heartwood. A fast rate of growth results in wide growth rings, producing low-density timber that exhibits inferior mechanical... 

Since these volumes are determined from external dimensions of the samples, they do not reflect actual changes in the cell wall volumes, and where this is claimed or assumed, the data needs to be treated with caution. Sample geometry is a crucial factor affecting the results obtained. In particular, the orientation of growth rings with respect to the sample... 

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