Growth hormone cascade

This disease develops when an abnormal prion protein present in the cadaveric material induces a cascade of conformational changes in host protein. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in recipients of somatropin differs from the sporadic form, in that it usually presents with cerebellar signs rather than cognitive impairment, and also in the prominence of prion protein amyloid plaques in nervous tissue (18). In a review, 139 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were identified worldwide in people treated with cadaveric somatropin before recombinant human growth hormone became available in the mid-1980s (19). The prevalence of this fatal neurodegenerative condition in recipients of somatropin ranges from 0.3% in the USA to 4.4% in France. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has been reported to start at 4-30 years after therapy with cadaveric somatropin (18), so that further cases are anticipated and continue to be reported (20). 

EXERCISE AND NUTRIENT METABOLISM The Hormone Cascade System Growth Factors... 

Control of physiological responses often involves several hormones. In some systems, two or more hormones act in opposition to each other (e.g., insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose). In other control systems, several hormones act in information hierarchies. Section 16.4 begins with a description of the best-researched example of such a hierarchy, referred to as a hormone cascade mechanism. This is followed by a discussion of growth factors, specialized proteins that stimulate cell division in susceptible cells. 

In some cases, binding of hormone to a surface receptor induces a tyrosine kinase cascade, even though the receptor is not itself a tyrosine kinase. The growth hormone receptor is one example of such a system — the interaction of growth hormone with its receptor leads to activation of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, with results conceptually similar to that seen with receptor kinases. 

Growth factor and hormone signalling cascades link mTORCl dysregulation to cancer and Hamartoma syndromes. 

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