Groups Cumulative , Volumes

For each group of 7-10 producing wells, one steam injection well was employed. The distance between the injection well and the producing wells was 50-60 m. Steam was injected at the rate of 50-60 t/day per each injection well under the pressure of 8-24 kg/cm at the wellhead temperature of 180-28CK. For the 2-year period, the cumulative volume of steam injected into the individual unit areas of the Okha field amounted to 25-40 thousand tons. For the treated sections of bed IV as a whole, the steam/oil factor averaged 3.6 t/t however, from one unit area to another it fluctuated widely between 1.7 and 12.5 t/t Again, for the treated section of bed IV as a whole, the oil recovery factor increased from 0.13 before the steaming to 0.238 after the treatment In some of the individual unit areas the recovery factor went up to 0.4-0.5. 

The experience curve is a phenomenon with its roots in the earlier notion of the learning curve . Researchers in the Second World War discovered that it was possible to identify and predict improvements in the rate of output of workers as they became more skilled in the processes and tasks on which they were working. Subsequent work by Boston Consulting Group, extended this concept by demonstrating that all costs, not just production costs, would decline at a given rate as volume increased (see Figure 1.3). In fact, to be precise, the relationship that the experience curve describes is between real unit costs and cumulative volume. 

The Formula Index, as well as the Subject Index, is a cumulative index for Volumes XVI, XVII, XVIII, and XIX. The chief aim of this index, like that of other formula indexes, is to help in locating specific compounds or ions, or even groups of compounds, that might not be easily found in the Subject Index, or in the case of many coordination complexes are to be found only as general entries in the Subject Index. All specific compounds, or in some cases ions, with definite formulas (or even a few less definite) are entered in this index or noted under a related compound, whether entered specifically in the Subject Index or not. 

The Formula Index, as well as the Subject Index, is a Cumulative Index for Volumes 26-30. The Index is organized to allow the most efficient location of specific compounds and groups of compounds related by central metal ion or ligand grouping. 

One of the most useful publications is the series of abstracts published by the Chromatography Discussion Group of Great Britain (20). These have been published annually since 1958 and two five-year cumulative indices are available. The major feature of the abstracts is the comprehensive index at the back of each volume. This series of abstracts is so valuable that it should be readily available to anyone working in GC. The cost of a complete set is less than the cost spent by trying a few columns that do not work. 

If all the pores are equally accessible, only those for which r is greater than y cos 6 p will be filled, i.e. each pressure increment causes a group of smaller pores to be filled and a cumulative pore volume as a function of pore size can be determined, as illustrated in Figure 5.9. 

The present volume follows the same general pattern as its successful predecessors and contains some sixty-nine independently tested and checked syntheses arranged in chapters according to the Mendeleef groups. The compounds which may be obtained through these directions are listed not only in the table of contents, but in a subsequent formula index and in a cumulative index for all six volumes. It might be pointed out that this comprehensive index now covers 389 syntheses and a considerably greater number of compounds. 

As in the earlier volumes, the syntheses in Volume IV are arranged on the basis of the Mendeleev periodic classification, with subdivision into A and B groups. The nomenclature is that used in Volumes II and III. Cross references have been used liberally, and the index has been made as complete as possible. The index is cumulative for all four volumes. 

F8. Inorganic Syntheses. McGraw-Hill, New York, vols. 1-13 (1939-1972). These volumes are extremely valuable for preparations of derivatives of Main Group elements, especially of B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, and Sb. Information on particular compounds is easily located in the cumulative indexes vol. 10 (vols. 1-10) and vol. 13 (vols. 11-13). 

Polar carboxylate groups dot the surface of the micelle. There they bind to water molecules and to sodium ions. The nonpolar hydrocarbon chains are directed toward the interior of the micelle, where individually weak but cumulatively significant induced-dipole/induced-dipole forces bind them together. Micelles are approximately spherical because a sphere encloses the maximum volume of material for a given surface area and... 

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