Group 13 Metals - Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium

The general tendency of organomercmy compounds is to form secondary-bond self-assembled supermolecules or supramolecular arrays through secondary bonds the subject will be treated in Section 4.2.1. 

2 Group 13 Metals - Aluminuin, GaUium, Indium, Thallium 

Metals of this group all form self-organized supramolecular structures via inter-molecular dative bonds. This tendency is strong for the elements in the upper part 

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Keywords Group 13 metals (aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium), Ambidentate ligands, Phosphorus-nitrogen bidentate ligands, Pyridyl phosphanes, Aminoiminophosphoranes, Lewis acid catalysis... 

Group 13 Metals Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium 115... 

The poor metals among the BCNOs usually include aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, and bismuth. The metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium. The nonmetals are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and selenium. These groups are not official, and chemists sometimes disagree on whether a particular element like boron should be called a metal or a metalloid. 

Hart MM, Adamson RH. 1971. Antitumor activity and toxicity of salts of inorganic group Ilia metals Aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 68 1623-1626. 

Group 3A The boron group The group 3A elements have three valence electrons and include the metalloid boron and the metals aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. Boron and aluminum form 3+ ions, gallium and indium form both 3-1- and 1 -I- ions, and thallium forms only 1 + ions. 

For a discussion of the atomic properties of the group 13 metals see Downs AJ (1993) In Downs AJ (eds) Chemistry of aluminum gallium, indium and thallium. Blackie, London, Chapter 1... 

Homonuclear clusters of the heavier elements of the third main-group aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium having direct element-element interactions form a fascinating new class of compounds. As discussed in the previous Chapter 2.3, in some cases their structures resemble those known with the lightest element of that group, boron, while in other cases novel, metal-rich compounds were obtained which do not have any analogue in boron chemistry. 

The Group 13 elements have the same relationship to the alkaline earth elements that the alkaline earth elements have to the alkali metals, that is, the group properties are modified by the presence of a third valence electron. The elements of Group 13 are boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. Except for boron, which may be classified as a semimetal, these elements tend to show metallic properties. 

The metals below the stepwise division of the periodic table in Groups IIIA through VA are the post-transition metals. These include aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium from Group IIIA tin and lead from Group IVA and bismuth from Group VA. Aluminum is the only post-transition metal that is considered very reactive. We will focus our discussion on the metals of Group IIIA. 

Indium is a member of the group 13 (formerly called IllA) elements along with boron, aluminum, gallium, and thallium. In aqueous solution, only In(lll) is stable, but compounds with I + and 2+ valences have been isolated [2], The ionic radius of In in sixfold coordination is 0.81 A in eightfold coordination, 0.92 A [3]. Although indium is not a transition metal, there are many aspects of its chemistry that resemble iron. The ionization potential, ionic radii, and coordination number of In are similar to Fe. The half-filled 3[Pg.402]

The Group lllA elements clearly show the trend of increasing metallic character in going down any column of elements in the periodic table. Boron, at the top of Group lllA, is a metalloid, and its chemistry is typical of a nonmetal. The compound B(OH)3 is actually acidic (boric acid). The rest of the elements (aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium) are metals, but their hydroxides change from amphoteric (acidic and basic) for aluminum and gallium to basic for indium and thallium. 

In their appearance and physical properties and in most of their chemical behaviors, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium are metallic. Some properties of the group 13 metals are listed in Table 21.6. 

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