Group hydrogen compounds

Unlike ethynylation, in which acetylene adds across a carbonyl group and the triple bond is retained, in vinylation a labile hydrogen compound adds to acetylene, forming a double bond. 

In addition to being major sources of hydrocarbon-based petrochemicals, crude oils and natural gases are precursors of a special group of compounds or mixtures that are classified as nonhydrocarbon intermediates. Among these are the synthesis gas mixture, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon black. These materials are of great economic importance and are discussed in Chapter 4. 

For historical reasons, the molecular formulas of binary hydrogen compounds of Group 1 S/V elements are written with the Group 15/V element first. 

By far the most important hydrogen compound of a Group 15/V element is ammonia, NH., which is prepared in huge amounts by the Haber process. Small quantities of ammonia are present naturally in the atmosphere as a result of the... 

Describe the trend in acidity of the binary hydrogen compounds of the Group 16/VI elements and account for the trend in terms of bond strength. 

An organic compound can be both aromatic and aliphatic that is, one or more of the hydrogens of a benzene ring can be replaced by an aliphatic group. Such compounds are always classihed as being aromatic. 

Hydrogenation of nitro groups may be stopped at the hydrazo stage with a proper catalyst and inhibitors. As shown in Fig. 2.31, the hydrazo compounds result from condensation of the nitroso and hydroxylamine and can be maximized or minimized (see the later discussion of nitroso group hydrogenation) depending on conditions. For example 2,2 -dichlorohydra-zobenzene can be prepared in 90% yield (Fig. 2.35).280... 

The systematic names presented for binary nonmetal-nonmetal compounds are not used for the hydrogen compounds of group III, IV, and V elements or for water. These compounds have common names which are used instead. Water and ammonia (NH, ) are the most important compounds in this class. 

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