Ground-water environment

Biodegradation results from the pH drop such a detergent polymer experiences as it leaves the alkaline laundry environment (pH ca 10) and enters the sewage or ground water environment (pH close to neutral) the polymer (now a polyacid rather than a salt) is unstable and hydrolyzes to monomer which rapidly biodegrades. The chemistry has been reported ia many patents (186) and several pubHcations (187,188). 

McCarty PL, Reinhard M, Rittman BE (1981) Trace organics in ground water. Environ Sci... 

Johnson-Logan, L.R., Broshears, R.E., Klaine, S.J. (1992) Partitioning behavior and the mobility of chlordane in ground water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 2234-2239. 

Mackay DM, Roberts PV, Cherry JA (1985) Transport of organic contaminants in ground-water. Environ Sci Technol 19 364-392... 

Kent, D.B. et al., Ligand-Enhanced Transport of Strongly Adsorbing Metal Ions in the Ground-water Environment, in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, WRI-7, Kharaka, Y.K. and Maest, A.S., Eds., Park City, Utah, 13-18 July, 1992, 805. 

Barrio-Lage G. A., Parsons F. Z., Barbitz R. M., Lorenzo P. L., and Archer H. E. (1990) Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride in ground water. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 403-415. 

Lovley D. R., Chapelle F. H., and Woodward J. C. (1994) Use of dissolved H2 concentrations to determine distribution of miCTobially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic ground-water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 1205-1210. 

BidogUo G., De Plano A., and Righetto L. (1989) Interactions and transport of plutonium-humic acid particles in ground-water environments. In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XII, Materials Research Society Proceedings (eds. W. Lutze and R. Ewing). Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, vol. 127, pp. 823-830. 

Klecka G. M., Gonsior S. J., and Markham D. A. (1990) Biological transformations of l,Ll-trichloroethane in subsurface soils and ground water. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 9, 1437-1451. 

Wilson JT, McNabb JF, Cochran JW, et al. 1986. Influence of microbial adaptation on the fate of organic pollutants in ground water. Environ Toxicol Chem 721-726. 

Knobel LL, Cecil LD, Wenger SJ, et al. 1992. Comparison of the effects of filtration and preservation methods on analysis for strontium-90 in ground water. Environ Monit Assess 20 67-80. 

Jovancicevic B, Polic P, Vrvic M, Sheeder G, Teschner T, Wehner H (2003) Transformations of n-alkanes from petroleum pollutants in alluvial ground waters. Environ Chem Lett 1, 73-81. 

The ground-water environment is quite variable in its physical conditions of ground-water distribution, occurrence and flow. What was considered a sterile environment, devoid of oxygen, is known to contain dissolved oxygen and considerable microbial biomass (1). Distributions of... 

Most of the above diagenetic processes can occur in any of three environments. In the marine environment, the deposit is in contact with sea-water, which contains dissolved magnesium and may be either un-saturated, or super-saturated with respect to calcium carbonate species. In the ground-water environment, it is in contact with water, which is low in dissolved magnesium and is generally unsaturated with calcium carbonate. In the burial environment it is subject to high pressures and possibly elevated temperatures (or hydrothermal conditions) and is in contact with water, which may have a widely varying composition. 

A. Hilmi and J.H.T, Luong, Micromachined electrophoresis chips with electrochemical detectors for analyis of explosive compounds in soil and ground water, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 2000, 34, 3046-3050. 

S. Usenko, K.J. Hageman, D.W. Schmedding, G.R. Wilson, and S.L. Simonich. Trace analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in large volume samples of snow, lake water, and ground-water. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39(16) 6006-6015, 2005. 

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