Gross output energy

One may choose to define the output yield as the gross output energy/power and/or the net output energy/power. The gross output energy (Fg) refers to the total... 

Net energy output gross energy output) X 100, ie, 100 ""Net energy output energy consumed, ie,... 

Boilers can be classified, rated, sized, and compared by means of several energy and power terms. All boilers have a nameplate indicating net and gross output, which may be variously indicated in Btu/hr, horsepower (hp), pounds of steam per hour (lb/hr), or square feet of heating surface for any given pressure and temperature listing. 

A typical BWR usually delivers steam at 285°C and has a condenser tenq)erature of - 25°C, hence = 0.47. Due to a less efficient energy cycle, friction, heat losses, pumps, etc., the net efficiency ( ei) of both reactor types is only about 0.32 — 0.35 (net electric output delivered to the grid divided by gross thermal output from reactor). In coal-, oil- and gas-fired power plants higher steam temperatures can be achieved, 500°C with T- 530°C and 30°C, = 0.65... 

The STARFIRE reactor study foresees an overall thermal power of the fusion reactions of 4000 MW, with a gross electric output of 1440 MW, of which 1200 MW are the net output, while 240 MW are necessary for the operation of the various plant systems. 2560 MW would be discharged as thermal energy. The resulting net efficiency would therefore seem only slightly lower than that of other energy sources. 

The thermal efficiency of the process with respect to the oils is defined as the ratio of the energy output of the process through the oil product to the gross energy requirement. 

Energy balance is the difference between the gross energy intake and the energy output. Fattening results when the intake exceeds the output, while a loss of body fat, and usually a loss of body weight, follows a dietary deficit of energy. (Also see CALORIC EXPENDITURE.)... 

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