Griffith Modified

As a result of this additional work to create a surface over and above the thermodynamic surface energy assumed by Griffith, we need to rewrite his equation for the relationship between breaking stress and crack length. We modify equation (7.2) to ... 

Han and Griffith (1965a) developed a modified version of an ebullition cycle and, using a simplification in the temperature profile equation, they obtained an explicit form for the waiting period ... 

Milinski, M., Griffiths, S., Wegner, K., Reusch, T., Haas-Assenbaum, A. and Boehm, T. (2005) Mate choice decisions of stickleback females predictably modified by MHC peptide ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4414-4418. 

Convergence of PSLP on the modified Griffith-Stewart problem... 

So far the major application of IVC has been to select enzymes. Griffiths has used IVC to select DNA methyltransferases and has successfully generated variants that can efficiently modify novel DNA target sequences [38]. This study provides a rare example of a laboratory-produced enzyme with a catalytic efficiency that surpasses that of the wild-type enzyme with the principle substrate. IVC has also... 

Diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy has become an attractive alternative to mulls with the introduction of DRIFT cell by Griffiths,29 later modified by Yang.30 Since materials are dispersed in a nonabsorbing medium and not subjected to thermal or mechanical energy during sample preparation, DRIFT spectroscopy is especially suitable for the qualitative/quantitative analysis for polymorphs, which are prone to solid-state transformations. The Kubelka-Munk (K-M) equation,31 which is analogous to Beer s law for transmission measurements, is used to quantitatively describe diffusely-reflected radiation ... 

Tawfik and Griffith (1998) reported an in vitro selection strategy for catalytic activity using compartmentalization. Here, each member of the DNA library is encapsulated in an aqueous compartment in a water in oil emulsion. The compartments are generated from an in vitro transcription-translation system, and contain the components for protein synthesis. The dilution is chosen such that, on average, the water droplets contain less than one DNA molecule. The DNA is transcribed and translated in vitro in the presence of substrate, which is covalently attached to the DNA. Only translated proteins with catalytic activity convert the substrate to the product. Subsequently, all DNA molecules are recovered from the water droplets and the DNA linked to the product is separated from the unmodified DNA linked to the educt, which requires a method to discriminate between both. The modified DNA can then be amplified by PCR and used for a second selection cycle. The principle of this approach is depicted in Figure 6. 

Feature Complete Shelanski/ Shalanski RIPT DraizE Griffith-Voss- Stotts Modified Draize Human Maximization... 

The method has been used and modified by many authors, e.g. Wooding and Updyke (1967) Griffith et al. (1969). Regulatory agencies do not routinely require testing in men, however, human tests are preferred to animal tests in some cases secondary to uncertainties of interspecies extrapolation. 

Griffiths [85] and Schrieber et al. [86] have shown how the Muller scheme can be modified to incorporate these features by slightly expanding the low temperature part of the mechanisms and adding a further intermediate. While mass and energy balances were intrinsic in the formulation, an empirical approach was adopted both for the form of the additional reaction and for all the rate constants. The latter, for instance, included pressure dependent terms. Good fits were obtained to rapid compression machine and shock-tube autoignition delay-times for heptane, iso-octane, and their mixtures. 

FuruyaT, Salstrom JL, McCall-Vining S, Cannon GW, Joe B, Remmers EF, Griffiths MM, Wilder RL Genetic dissection ofa rat model for rheumatoid arthritis significant gender influences on autosomal modifier loci. Hum Mol Genet 2000 9 2241-50. 

We begin with a case considered by Griffiths Campbell (1991) where the blob is inviscid and all the resistance to flow is within the displaced normal mantle. We modify their derivation to aid comparison with lubrication theory results. 

Irwin (32) and Orowan (33) modified the original Griffith formulation by adding a term to account for the plastic energy dissipation as the crack grows. They postulated the conditions for crack growth as... 

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