Green plasticizers

E.S. Stevens, Green Plastics , Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2002. 

Green plastics Life cycle analysis Mulching film Starch... 

Bionolle is a typical biodegradable plastic. Currently, each raw material is made from petroleum, but we are developing more environmentally friendly green plastics. The first approach is to produce plastics from monomers such as succinic acid by biological methods. The second approach is to make hybrid compounds of Bionolle and natural resources like starch. The typical chain of materials for Bionolle is shown in Fig. 1. 

Two types of fuse are in common use by the US Army (1) blasting time fuse that has a spiral wrapped outer cover usually colored orange and (2) safety fuse M700 that has a smooth green plastic cover with Length markers of abrasive material (so they can be felt in the dark). These two types of fuse are shown in Fig 2 (Ref 1)... 

Gerngross and Slater [38] asked the question how green are green plastics and show that in some cases less fossil energy is required per unit product if this is produced conventionally from nonrenewable resources than when it is produced from a renewable resource, such as com. 

Gerngross, T.U. Slater, S.C. How green are green plastics. Scientific American, August 2000. 

In process engineering, we need to be much more precise. What do we mean by green chemistry, green plastics, or green fuels In this chapter, we present a scientifically based method to make a proper assessment to what extent a process is "green," that is, sustainable and efficient. Some examples will be given for illustration. 

Mag, W-W Super, bullet Solid brass with exposed top portion coated with green plastic (Teflon) containing Cr, Ti... 

Properties Green plastic solid. Soluble in water, aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons partially soluble in alcohols and glycols soluble in Softening p 64C. 

Solvay Indupa has pubhshed the intention to expand their polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacturing plant in Santo Andre (Brazil) to a total amount of 360,000 tons/year. For the capacity extension the required monomer feedstock vinyl chloride should be based finally on sucrose and salt. Despite the ongoing financial crisis, Brazilian companies continue with their investments in green plastics [11-13]. 

Figure 6. Network representation of MASC proteins with phenotypic annotation 97 MASC proteins with known direct protein interactions to other MASC proteins are plotted. The NMDA receptor subunits (NRl, NR2A, NR2B) are centrally located. The association of each protein with plasticity, rodent behaviour or human psychiatric disorders is shown in the colour of the node. Key Black - no known association Red - Psychiatric Disorder Green -Plasticity Blue - Rodent Behaviour Yellow - Psychiatric Disorders and Plasticity Cyan -Plasticity and Rodent Behaviour White - all three phenotypes. Orange for Psychiatric Disorders and Rodent Behaviour alone had no hits.

These green plastic-like bags are made from oya, a natural mineral that absorbs ethylene gas. The gas causes the rotting. 

Thus, we can see that the studies published on bioplastics generally look at different impact categories, and rarely with the same computational methods. In addition, we need to take account of the fact that the goals and scopes of the studies are also variable, as are the functional units defined (simple lifecycle inventories as well as complete LCAs can be fonnd some studies are performed from cradle to factory gate for pellets or finished products, whereas other studies also integrate one or more end-of-life scenarios). In such conditions, it is understandable that it is not easy to write a coherent summary of publications relating to LCA of bioplastics in order to provide a simple response to the question Are bioplastics green plastics ... 

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