Gravity effective

Edelman, R.B., Portune, O.R, Weilerstein, G., Cochran, T.H., and Haggard, J.B., Jr., An analytical and experimental investigation of gravity effects upon laminar gas jet-diffusion flames, Proc. Combust. Inst., 14,399,1973. 

Alsairafi, A., Lee, S.T., and T ien, J.S., Modeling gravity effects on diffusion flames stabilized around a cylindrical wick saturated with liquid fuel. Combust. Sci. Technol., 176, 2165, 2004. 

It is well known that when liquid droplets form on a flat substrate they adopt spherical cap shapes (neglecting gravity effects) with a contact angle 6. This angle depends solely on the interfacial energies as described by the Young s equation ... 

In order to simplify the analysis, we will consider the capillary flow of a hquid L in a horizontal small tube (diameter much smaller than the capillary length), in order to avoid complications due to gravity effects (Fig. 14). 

Propagation across solid fuel surfaces is a much more complex problem because the orientation of the solid surface can be varied. For example, a sheet of plastic or wood held in a vertical position and ignited at either the top or bottom edge shows vastly different propagation rate because of gravity effects. Even material held at an angle has a different burning rate than the two possible vertical conditions. A review of this solid surface problem can be found in Refs. [45a, 45b, 45c],... 

Ovdat H, Berkowitz B (2006) Pore-scale study of drainage displacement under combined capillary and gravity effects in index-matched porous media. Water Resour Res 42, W06411, DOl 10.1029/2005WR004553... 

The fundamental property of liquid surfaces is that they tend to contract to the smallest possible area. This property is observed in the spherical form of small drops of liquid, in the tension exerted by soap films as they tend to become less extended, and in many other properties of liquid surfaces. In the absence of gravity effects, these curved surfaces are described by the Laplace equation, which relates the mechanical forces as (Adamson and Gast, 1997 Chattoraj and Birdi, 1984 Birdi, 1997) ... 

A bubble is composed of a TLF with two surfaces, each with a polar end pointed inward and the hydrocarbon chains pointing outward (Figure 8.2). The water inside the films will move away (due to gravity), effecting the thinning of the film. Since the... 

Also to be considered is the suction flow due to curvature (can be much greater than the gravity effect) and the evaporation loss. 

Most of the features of the theoretical treatment of bubble motion are present in the treatment that considers the water incompressible and neglects gravity effects. We quote from Cole (Ref 1, Chapt 8) The simplest approximation to the true motion of the bas bubble is the one in which it is assumed that the motion of the surrounding water is entirely radial and there is no vertical migration. In this approximation, which has been discussed by a number of writers, the hydrostatic buoyance resulting from differences in hydrostatic pressure at different depths is neglected. It is thus assumed that at an infinite distance from the bubble in any direction the pressure has the same value as the initial hydrostatic pressure P0 at the depth of the charge... 

It is clear from the preceding analysis of astrophysical sources that it is necessary to analyze the data from other sources such as AGN and/or pulsars to confirm the signature of quantum gravity effects. An alternate possibilty would... 

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