Gravitational field source

This field of the centrifugal force, unlike the attraction field, is fictitious, and correspondingly, we observe a volume distribution of fictitious sources with a density proportional to co. A summation of the first and second Equations (2.62 and 2.63) gives the system of equations of the gravitational field at regular points... 

Mossbauer resonance of Zn to study the influence of the gravitational field on electromagnetic radiation. A Ga ZnO source (4.2 K) was used at a distance of 1 m from an enriched ZnO absorber (4.2 K). A red shift of the photons by about 5% of the width of the resonance line was observed. The corresponding shift with Fe as Mossbauer isotope would be only 0.01%. The result is in accordance with Einstein s equivalence principle. Further gravitational red shift experiments using the 93.3 keV Mossbauer resonance of Zn were performed later employing a superconducting quantum interference device-based displacement sensor to detect the tiny Doppler motion of the source [66, 67]. 

The final objective is an equation that relates a geometrical object representing the curvature of space-time to a geometrical object representing the source of the gravitational field. The condition that all affine connections must vanish at a euclidean point, defines a tensor [41]... 

Section IV reviews our more recently developed 4D ether model [102-104], which is based on the premise of the existence of E. Rest mass is associated to a flow of primordial fluid (preons). This novel dynamic concept of mass solves at once several longstanding difficulties two of them are (1) the infinities associated with electric and gravitational fields and (2) the stability of orbits under Coulomb attraction. Indeed, there is a permanent flow of momentum across a particle (source) the momentum flux is occasionally tapped by interaction with a (test) particle. Such process does not change the total momentum flux available at the source hence, there is no loss of potential energy as in the conventional interpretation. The total momentum that crosses a source is, of course, infinite in an infinite time, but the source is always finite. 

We now turn to Einstein s full gravitational equation. There being ten metric components, there are ten partial differential equations to determine them. One is a fanciful elaboration of Poisson s equations with the relativistic energy density—as opposed to rest mass density—as source. Pressure and energy fluxes become the sources of the others. If we are mostly interested in the external gravitational field of a spherically symmetric body, then the sources can be dropped and the unique exact solution is Schwarzschild s metric (not Martin Schwarzschild but his dad Karl Schwarzschild, also the father of photographic photometry) ... 

The Kerr solution (1963) of the Einstein s vacuum field equations describes the gravitational field of a material source at rest having mass and angular momentum. The angular momentum determines a physically significant di-... 

As can be seen from Eq. (51), the interaction has been built into the formulation in such away that the surrounding gravitational field materializes as a result of the geometry characterizing the gravitational source. Hence, the coordinate transformation a defines the appropriate boundary conditions for the quantum formulation for a spherically symmetric static vacuum. 

Relativity theory has equally dramatic implications on the nature of the vacuum, which is shown not to be a void, but a medium that supports wave motion and carries electromagnetic fields. A new perspective on the nature of the vacuum is provided by the principle of equivalence. Space-time curvature can be described mathematically by a Riemann tensor, which the principle implies, should balance the gravitational field, which is sourced in the distribution of matter. This reciprocity indicates that Euclidean space-time is free of matter, which only emerges when curvature sets in. This is interpreted to mean that the homogeneous wave field of Euclidean vacuum generates matter when curved. Like a flat sheet that develops wrinkles when wrapped arormd a curved surface, the wave field generates non-dispersive persistent wave packets in the curved vacuum. 

Briefly, one could say that they involve the generation of a liquid flow (or a particle motion) when an external field is applied to the solid-liquid interface, or, conversely, the generation of an electric potential when a relative solid-liquid motion is provoked by, for instance, a pressure gradient or a gravitational field. In this context, electrokinetic phenomena and the techniques associated with them demonstrate their importance. They are manifestations of the electrical properties of the interface, and hence deserve attention by themselves. But, furthermore, they are a valuable (unique, in many cases) source of information on those electrical properties, because of the possibility of being experimentally determined [4-6]. 

The noble gases are in scarce supply on Earth. Argon is the most abundant because it is the product of the beta decay of potassium-40. Alpha particles are just helium nuclei and are the principal source of helium that concentrates in natural gas deposits. Although not retained by Earth s gravitational field, helium is the second most abundant element in the cosmos and plays a central role in the proton-proton cycle of stars and nucleosynthesis. 

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