Grass identification

Ralph, J. Quideau, S. Grabber, J. H. Hatheld, R. D. Identification and synthesis of new ferulic acid dehydrodimers present in grass cell walls. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1994, 1, 3485-3498. 

Brown, Lauren. (1979). Grasses An identification guide. New York Houghton Mifflin, 12. 

Fibrous saponite, with the analyzed chemical formula (Mgs g, AIq i, F o.i)(Si6.76> All o4 Fe 0.2) 02o(OH)4 IOH2O, also had Cao.i and Mgo4 as exchangeable ions (Midgely and Grass, 1956). Saponite is an example of a trioctahedral smectite. The variable chemical compositions of the smectites adds to the difficulties of accurate identification of these minerals. 

Oros DR, Radzi bin Abas M, Omar NYMJ, Rahman NA, Simoneit BRT, Identification and emission factors of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from biomass burning Part 3. Grasses, Appl Geochemistry 21 919—940, 2006. 

Rovellini, P., andN. Cortesi. Identification of three intermediates compounds in the biosynthesis of OE069 secoiridoids as oleoside-type in different anatomic parts of Olea europaea L. by HPLC-electrospray-mass spectrometry. Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse 1998 OE070... 

This experiment provides students with the opportunity to isolate a biomolecule from its natural source, followed by its purification and identification. In addition, students will follow a procedure that is typical of the general extraction and characterization of lipids. However, unlike most lipids, the plant pigments are highly colored and may be characterized and quantified by visible spectrophotometry. Several types of plant tissue may be used. Some recommendations are fresh leaves (tree, plant, grass, spinach), green algae, or mosses. For variety, students may be asked to bring their own samples for analysis. 

Kishi T, Grass L, Soosaipillai A, Shimizu-Okabe C, Diamandis EP. Human kallikrein 8 Immunoassay development and identification in tissue extracts and biological fluids. Clin Chem 2003 49 87-96. 

Non-endospermic xylans have substituent groups of D-glucopyrano-syluronic acid, or its 4-methyl ether, or both. Individual molecules may lack such residues, but, almost certainly, other xylan molecules in the total hemicelluloses from each grass have both groups.137,157 Uronic acid groups may escape detection or identification in hydrolyzates of xylans studied by paper chromatography, and in hydrolyzates and methanolyzates of methylated xylans studied by g. l.c. after conversion of the products into volatile derivatives. 

Returning to the grasses, we now have positive identifications of phytoalexins in oats and rice. In oats, avenalumins I, II and III have been isolated from leaves Infected with the crown rust fungus. These three compounds are benzoxazin-4-ones substituted in the 2-position with hydroxycinnamyl residues (37), Again there is a parallel with phytoalexins of dicotyledons A simple 2-phenyl substituted benzoxazin-4-one dlanthalexln was Isolated from infected carnation leaves by French scientists in 1983 (38). 

Moy M, Belanger F, Duncan R, Freehof A, Leary C, Meyer W, Sullivan R, White JF Jr. Identification of epiphyllous mycelial nets on leaves of grasses infected by clavicipitaceous endophytes. Symbiosis 28 291-302, 2000. 

White JF Jr, Sullivan R, Balady G, Gianfagna T, Yue Q, Meyer W, Cabral D. A fungal endosymbiont of the grass Bromus setifolius distribution in some Andean populations, identification, and examination of beneficial properties. Submitted, 2001. 

Scott B. Molecular methods for the identification and modification of Epichloe-grnss endophytes. Proceedings of 4th International Neotyphodium Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany 2000, pp 273-282. 

---