Graphite intercalation compounds preparation

Conard, J., V. A. Nalimova, and D. Guerard. 1994. NMR study of LiCx graphite intercalation compounds prepared under high pressure. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 245 25-30. 

Fig. 6. Galvanostatic discharge curves of button-type cells Li/1 M L1CIO4 + EC PC DME/LT—CFV, HT—CF, at 40 mAg 1. LT—CFV fluorine-graphite intercalation compound prepared at a low temperature, HT—CFV graphite fluoride prepared at a high temperature (reproduced with permission from J. Power Sources, 68 (1994) 708 [34]).

Mizutani Y, Abe T, Ikeda K (1997), Graphite intercalation compounds prepared in solution of alkali metals in 2-methyletra hydrofuran and 2,5-dimethyltetrahydro-furan , Garbon, 35(1), 61-65. 

Cj(K prepared — the first alkali metal-graphite intercalation compound. 

Polysiloxanes (l)-(4) bearing phenyldisilanyl units could be readily prepared by copolymerization of 1,3,5-triphenyl[tris(trimethylsilyl) ]cyclotrisiloxane and cyclopolysiloxanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of an intercalation compound prepared from graphite and potassium metal in a ratio of 8 1, in high yields. 

Research in graphite intercalates has paved the way for significant current interest in intercalation compounds of the fullerenes (Box 7.1) and carbon nanotubes, which represent wrapped up versions of graphite sheets. Graphite intercalation compounds have been prepared with intercalated fullerenes and nanotubes. We will return to carbon nanotube chemistry in Chapter 15. 

The development proceeded in the early 20th century. Next to the first preparation of a graphite-intercalation compound (CgK, 1928), A. S. King and R. T. Birge found the element s composition from the isotopes C and in 1929. Radioac-... 

Ternary graphite intercalation compounds (TGIC), MSyC, contain, besides the metal M, molecules S coordinated through their p- or rr-electrons. Five methods are available for their preparation, which must be carried out in absence of air or moisture ... 

Preparations and properties of residue compounds are briefly summarized in several general reviews on graphite intercalation compounds their synthesis is more systematically dealt with in ref. 6. 

Cation- and anion-graphite intercalation compounds can be prepared by electrochemical reduction or oxidation of graphite in appropriate electrolytes. Such electrochemical solid-state reactions require mixed conductivity of the solid, i.e., existence of electronic and ionic conductivity. 

The alkali metals form only ionic carbides, mostly simple ionic salts of acetylene, M2C2, which liberate acetylene on reaction with moisture. There has been much recent interest in permetalated and hypermetalated hydrocarbon species, or methanides . Most studied in this respect has been lithium, presumably because of its volatility and amenability to calculation. Mass spectrometric and calculational evidence has been presented for CLie, CLis, and C2Li4, but real samples of CLi4, C3Li4, and C5Li4 are preparable. All are pyrophoric powders. The heavier metals form another class of carbide , the graphite intercalation compounds, but as the electron has not been totally freed from the metal, these were considered in the previous section. 

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