Graphene oxide carbon nanotubes

Yang, C. Y., J. L. Shen, C. Y. Wang, H. J. Fei, H. Bao, and G. C. Wang. 2014. All-solid-state asymmetric snpercapacitor based on reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube and carbon fiber paper/polypyrrole electrodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 1458-1464. 

Keywords Water pollution, water purification, methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, heavy metal ions, Cr(VI), Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(ll), Zn(II), Cu(II), adsorption, adsorbent, adsorbate, conducting polymers, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes (CNTs),... 

Sarkar, C., C. Bora, and S. K. Dolui. Selective dye adsorption by pH modulation on amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide — carbon nanotube hybrid. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53, 2014 16148-16155. 

An important route to solubilization of carbon nanotubes is to functionalize their surface to form groups that are more soluble in the desired solvent environment. It has been shown that acid treatment of nanotube bundles, particularly with HC1 or HNO3 at elevated temperatures, opens up the aggregate structure, reduces nanotube length, and facilitates dispersion (An et al., 2004 Kordas et al., 2006). Nitric acid treatment oxidizes the nanotubes at the defect sites of the outer graphene sheet, especially at the open ends (Hirsch, 2002 Alvaro et al., 2004), and creates carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, which aid in their solubility in polar solvents. 

Mani, V., B. Devadas, and S.-M. Chen, Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid material modified electrode for glucose biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2012. 41 p. 309-315. 

Abbreviations CNT, carbon nanotube MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube AC, activated carbon GO, graphene oxide rGO, reduced graphene oxide EC, ethylene carbonate DEC, diethyl carbonate and DMC, dimethyl carbonate. 

Abbreviations AC, activated carbon HPCs, hierarchically porous carbons GO, graphene oxide PPy, polypyrrole CNTs, carbon nanotubes CNFs, carbon nanofibers rGO, reduced graphene oxide and NWs, nanowires. 

---