Granulocyte adherence

Aspirin also interferes with the chemical mediators of the kallikrein system (see Chapter 17 Vasoactive Peptides), thus inhibiting granulocyte adherence to damaged vasculature, stabilizing lysosomes, and inhibiting the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. 

B4. Bagdade, ]. D., Stewart, M., and Walters, E., Impaired granulocyte adherence. A reversible defect in host defence in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Diabetes 27, 677-681 (1978). 

L7. Lespier-Dexter, L. E., Guerra, C., Ojeda, W., and Martinez-Maldonado, M., Granulocyte adherence in uremia and hemodialysis. Nephron 24, 64-68 (1979). 

Thomer, R. E., Barker, C. F, and MacGregor, R. R., 1983, Improvement of granulocyte adherence and in vivo granulocyte delivery by ascorbic acid in renal transplant patients. Transplantation 35 432-436. 

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (Hetrazan) is active against several microfilaria and adult filarial worms. It interferes with the metabolism of arachidonic acid and blocks the production of prostaglandins, resulting in capillary vasoconstriction and impairment of the passage of the microfilaria. Diethylcarbamazine also increases the adherence of microfilariae to the vascular wall, platelets, and granulocytes. 

PMN from patients with periodontis were reported to have a decreased phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, and chemotaxis (C2). Frequent infections occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and it has been observed to be associated with altered granulocyte function (B3). PMN adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbicidal function were decreased in the poorly controlled diabetic, and these functions were corrected by treatment (B3, VI, B4). However, the exact biochemical impairment has not been elucidated. 

G3. Gamble, J. R., Elliott, M. J., Jaipargas, E., Lopez, A. F., and Vadas, M. A. Regulation of human monocyte adherence by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.SA. 86, 7169-7173 (1989). 

Neutrophilic granulocytes constitute the vast majority of the PMN population in the blood, accounting for 50-60% of the total circulating leukocytes in man. Following release from the bone marrow, they circulate in the bloodstream in a nonactivated state, having a half-life of approximately 4-10 h, after which they are cleared from the circulation. At sites of infection or injury the neutrophils become activated and adhere to the endothelial lining of the vessel... 

Konig, W., Scheffer, J., Bremm, K.D., Hacker, J. and Goebel, W. (1985). Role of bacterial adherence and toxin production from Escherichia coli on leukotriene generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immun., 77, 118-120... 

Changes in DNA supercoiling were analyzed using nucleoid sedimentation as previously described and are shown in Fig. 1 (2). Human granulocyte-macrophage preciusor cells were prepared from bone marrow samples (obtained with consent from healthy volunteers) by density fractionation and adherence (2). Cells were exposed to two inducers of granulocytic differentiation (retinoic acid and G-CSF) and two inducers of monocytic differentiation (phorbol myristate acetate and vitamin D3). Treatment with differentiation inducers and culture conditions are described elsewhere (2). 

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