Grana electron micrograph

FIGURE 19-38 Chloroplast. (a) Schematic diagram, (b) Electron micrograph at high magnification showing grana, stacks of thylakoid membranes. 

Figure 23-19 (A) Electron micrograph of alfalfa leaf chloroplast. Courtesy of Harry T. Homer, Jr., Iowa State University. (B) Schematic drawing of a chloroplast. From Hall and Rao227 (C) Enlargement of a portion of (A) to show grana stacks more clearly.

Fig. 4A-C. Electron micrographs of thin sections of pak-bung hairy roots A photomixotro-phic hairy roots obtained from a 13 days culture in light at 7=11.1 W nr2) B, C photo-autotrophic hairy roots cultivated in the sucrose-free medium with 3.0% C02-enriched air supply for 30 days using conical flasks illuminated at 7= 11 W m-2 and shaken at 100 rpm. The abbreviations of 1-3 indicates a chloroplast-like structure with thylakoid membranes and grana stacks (1), chloroplasts (2) and cell walls (3), respectively...

Electron micrograph of a chloroplast. The thylakoid membranes course throughout the stroma of a chloroplast from a cell of Phleum pratense, a grass. The dark areas of stacked thylakoid membrane are grana. Several large starch granules, which store the newly synthesized glucose, are also obvious. [Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers.]... 

Figure 19.1 Electron micrograph of a chloroplast from a spinach leaf. The thylakoid membranes pack together to form grana. [Courtesy of Dr. Kenneth Miller.]...

The pool size effect would mean that a certain change in the size of a small LHC II pool (which is the case for the mutants) has relatively more effect then the same change in a large pool. The total response after completion of the state transition then will be still smaller with a lower LHC II content. A shorter lateral diffusion path for the antennae is likely on basis of electron micrographs which show smaller grana structures in the chloro-... 

Fig. 1. Electron micrograph of part of a section through a spinach chloro-plast, showing portion of chloroplast membrane and lamellae in cross section. Spinach chloroplasts were stained with permaganate, embedded, and sectioned. The dark staining layers are presumed to be the lipid layers or possibly the lipid-quantasomal interfaces, The light areas within the lamellar envelope may correspond to the array of quantasomal particles. The closely stacked lamellae are in the grana the more widely separated lamellae seen in the stroma actually extend from one grana stack to another. Near the top left corner of the picture is seen the chloroplast membrane, consisting of two unit membranes. Scale 1 cm 1000 A. Permission to publish this photograph was kindly granted by Professor Roderic B. Park.

Fig. 1. Electron micrograph of chloroplast in thin section. The chloroplast shown is of a maize plant grown in the dark and exposed to light for 16 h. The leaf tissue was fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium and was post-stained with uranyl acetate. Many grana can be seen.

Fig. 3. Electron micrograph of a replica obtained from the fracture surface of an open cell prepared as described by Wallach et al. Note the preservation of the chloroplast cupshaped form. The outer chloroplast envelope (ce) shows numerous particles on its fractured surface. A deep fracture breaks through the distal chloroplast lobes and exposes the well preserved grana (g). The plasma membrane (p) is open (arrow) and remote from the cell wall (cw). (15,000x) (For experimental details see ref. 51.)...

Fig. 2.16. Electron micrograph of a shadowed fragment of a Vicia leaf chloroplast. Note the appearance of the grana (G). On the surface of the granal lamellae can be seen small particles (Q) which may be identical to those seen in freeze-etched preparations. Osmiophilic globules (0) are also present. (From F. A. L. Clowes and B. E. Juniper, Plant Cells, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1968. Micrograph by Mr. A. D. Greenwood.)...

Fig. 2.17. Bottom left. Chloroplasts (P) in chlorenchyma of pea leaf. Note the large starch grains within the chloroplast (asterisks). IS, intercellular space V, vacuole. X 780. Right. Electron micrograph of a chloroplast of a leaf of spinach Spinacea oleracea). The chloroplast is surrounded by a double membrane (PM) and the internal membrane system is differentiated into grana (asterisks) and stroma lamellae (open arrows). Osmiophilic droplets (small black arrows) occur in the plastid stroma. The structure of the grana is shown in more detail in the inset top left) as are regions of continuity between the grana and stroma lamellae (large solid arrows). Key CM, cell membrane CW, cell wall SG, starch grain ...

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