Grammar, rules

The Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) formalism [7] is utilized throughout this project. Grammar rules are used in the expert system rules to recognize the general class of the parent molecule in the disconnection (c.y., cyclohexene). The class determines the patterns used to construct the resultant synthons (discussed in Section 4). 

Using DCG, the more general class of carbocyclic rings can be recognized. The grammar rule... 

Finally, using the grammar rule described above (and related rules not presented), the goal... 

This rule declaratively states that the compound represented by WLN disconnects to the Diene and Dienophile pair if the WLN matches the carbocyclic grammar rule with 6 substituents, the collected substituents for the Diene and Dienophile pass the imo test, and the respective constituents may be successfully incorporated into the general form for the cyclohexene Diene and Dienophile. 

Grammar Rules for combining words into meaningful sentences (e.g., subject-verb agreement). 

This section will test a lot of different grammar rules. The example you just read, for instance, tests subject-verb agreement. That is one of the 18 different things sentence errors will test you on. Here is the complete list. Please note that the ones with one asterisk ( ) appear on the SAT an average of three times or more. Those with two asterisks ( ) appear twice on average, and those with three asterisks ( ) appear once on average. 

Don t be scared off by these names. Sometimes, people recognize these errors and how to fix them without knowing the exact grammar/usage rule that is being broken. Remember that you don t have to name the mistake or know the grammar rule you just have to spot which underlined word or phrase is wrong and choose it. 

Two important observations can be made about BNF grammar rules. First, BNF rules can be defined in a recursive manner that is, the phrase name can appear on both sides of the symbol This property can be... 

MODEL.LA., like LCR, uses the BNF grammar rules for the construction of syntactically correct modeling sentences. For more details on the syntactic characterization of new models, the reader is referred to Stephanopoulos et al. (1990a, b), and MODEL.LA. s manual (Henning and Leone, 1990). 

Triple graph grammar rules cannot be executed directly. Instead, they have to be translated into appropriate graph rewriting operations which, in turn, are translated to executable code. Alternatively, triple rules are translated to textual rule specifications that are executed by the integrator framework. 

A list of standard operator definitions is shown in Table III. Some of the symbols have already been introduced, like -, etc. others are ordinary mathematical symbols, like +,, <,, etc., and for bit-oriented manipulation, /, /, , ,. Some will be introduced later, like - - > (used with grammar rules), - > ( if ), ( or ), + ( notprovable ), = ( notunifiable ), ==, ==, <, >, =<, and >= (comparison operators for terms), -.. (manipulation of structured terms), i s, = =, = = (evaluation of arithmetic expressions), and " (used with findall, setof, and bagof). 

This predicate is necessary in Prolog since goals and structures cannot be manipulated directly. This is possible, however, for the corresponding list. A typical action in a grammar rule translator (see Sections VII and vni) is to expand a term with two additional arguments. In the following example, expr (Value) is expanded into expr(Value,SO,S) ... 

C. Arguments of Nonterminals and Mixing Grammar Rules and Prolog Code... 

Grammar rules may also have arguments and can execute Prolog goals. To execute a sequence of Prolog goals, these goals must be put between braces. We shall extend the above example so that not only can the validity of an expression be checked, but the value of the expression can be computed ... 

D. Translation of Grammar Rules into Prolog Rules... 

As an example of the way grammar rules work in Prolog, we shall use the following sentence The boy kicked the ball. The grammatical structure is ... 

The following grammar demonstrates some aspects of writing a DCG in Prolog. It produces the complete parse tree of the sentence. It handles some form of number agreement. (A sentence like The boy kick the ball would be rejected.). Finally, it separates grammar rules from the dictionary. In this form it is easier to maintain the grammar ... 

The purpose of a grammar rule translator is to transform a syntax rule such as... 

The first argument of expand-term, a grammar rule is translated into the corresponding Prolog clause. 

Before embarking on the division of the world, Lorimer submits the question whether each civilization should not be measured by its own standards, likening the application of Western European standards to Mongolian politics to the task of construing Chinese by Romanic grammar rules.This debate on the existence of universalism is still ongoing. 

Semantic typically deals with the relations between signs and their meaning and the correlated statement syntax defines the rules. Similar to a language, we can build sentences with the amount of provided symbols (words). The mles for the building of valid sentences Ifom these symbols (= grammar mles ) define the mles for the syntax. If for example we allocate a value to a variable or we use an inductive loop we need to respect the grammar rules . 

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