Graft macromolecule

Virklund, C., Nordstrom, A., Irgum, K. (2001). Preparation of porous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) Monoliths with controlled pore size distributions initiated by stable free radicals and their pore surface functionalization by grafting. Macromolecules 34, 4361-... 

Fig. 17. Monolayer of arborescent graft macromolecules consisting of a polystyrene core and poly(2-vlnylplrldlne) shell. Microphase separation between the blocks and strong interaction of the PVP block with mica resulted In lateral arrangement of the PS and PVP domains [89]...

A graft copolymer is composed of graft macromolecules with one or more species of block connected to the main chain as side-chains, these side-chains having constitutional or configurational features that diflFer from those in the main chain. 

Short chain amphiphiles can be incorporated into the backbone of the polymer chains. The resulting graft macromolecules are able to form both intrachain and interchain aggregates. Polymeric surfactants assemble into a variety of intrachain micelles. These polymeric surfactants and/or amphiphilic polymacromonomers can also form mixed aggregates which incorporate free monomeric (macromonomer with a very small hydrophobic group) surfactants. 

Tomalia, D. A., et al. (1991), Comb-burst dendrimer topology. New macromolecular architecture derived from dendritic grafting, Macromolecules, 24,1435-1438. 

These data point to the specific behaviour of grafted PS chains in polymer-analogous conversions. As a rule, the functional groups of grafted macromolecules appear to be far more reactive than their homopolymer counterparts. 

It can be expected that the behaviour of a grafted macromolecule will be more complex to analyze. In addition to the aspects considered in this paper, one has to take into account the eventual modifications of the dynamics of the chains located above the polymer layer that is in direct contact with the solid. 

The other example of brush copolymers is based on the grafting through approach where macromonomers with vinyl terminal are synthesized rst and polymerization is carried out through the terminal double bonds to produce densely grafted macromolecules. The grafting through approach in combination with ATRP has also been applied in the copolymerization of PMMA macromonomers with n-butyl acrylate (Roos et al., 1999,2000). 

Ito Y, Inaba M, Chung D J and Imanishi I, Control of water permeation by pH and ionic strength through a porous membrane having poly(carboxylic acid) surface-grafted , Macromolecules, 1992, 25, 7313. 

Mahouche, S., N. Mekni, L. Abbassi, P. Lang, C. PerruchoL M. Jouini, F. Mammeri, M. Turmine, H. Ben Romdhane, and M. M. Chehimi. Tandem diazonium salt electroreduction and click chemistry as a novel, efficient route for grafting macromolecules to gold surface Surf. Sci. 603, 2009 3205-3211. 

The grafted macromolecules can be separated from the silica by hydrolysis with HF. The molecular weights of these and of the homopolymers are determined by viscosimetric methods, table 1. 

Molecular Weights of Graft and Homopolymers (radically initiated polyreaction) and Surface Densities of Diazo Groups (g ) and Grafted Macromolecules (g ). 

Fig. 3. Surface density of the grafted macromolecules dependent on chain length ( O polystyrene 20°C, polyvinylpyridine 20°C, p ] polyvinylpyridine 45 C).

We want to note that the behavior of the end-grafted macromolecule in the adsorption layer does not practically differ for the free adsorbed macromolecule, but the first cannot desorb from the surface. 

OkudaT, Ishimoto K, Ohara H, Kobayashi S (2012) Renewable biobased polymeric materials facile synthesis of itaconic anhydride-based copolymers with poly(L-lactic acid) grafts. Macromolecules 45 4166-4174... 

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