Gradient compensation

The vaporizer temperature was controlled by a gradient compensator and typically decreased from 160 to 120 °C during the gradient progression. Both positive and negative ions were analyzed. The mass spectrometer was scanned from 200 to 700 amu in 1.5 sec and the data were processed with a Data General Nova 4 computer using INCOS software. 

This principle of gradient compensation for convection can also be used in two-dimensional sequences using gradients for coherence selection. If a constant velocity distribution is considered over the range —Umax to -l-Umax, then the signal intensity (S) is given by ... 

Figure 13B). We have begun to explore which other sequences may require this gradient compensation.

The gradient compensates dead volume in the instrument and poor packing quality, a high plate number makes itself significantly noticeable only with really difficult separations... 

Lisa M, Lynen F, Holcapek M, and Sandra P (2007) Quantitation of triacylglycerols from plant oils using charged aerosol detection with gradient compensation. / Chromatogr. A 1176 135-142... 

Height allowance A percentage added to heat loss calculations to compensate for the vertical temperature gradient. 

As shown in Fig. 33, the decreasing mechanism of this fluctuation is summarized as follows At a place on the electrode surface where metal dissolution happens to occur, the surface concentration of the metal ions simultaneously increases. Then the dissolved part continues to grow. Consequently, as the concentration gradient of the diffusion layer takes a negative value, the electrochemical potential component contributed by the concentration gradient increases. Here it should be noted that the electrochemical potential is composed of two components one comes from the concentration gradient and the other from the surface concentration. Then from the reaction equilibrium at the electrode surface, the electrochemical potential must be kept constant, so that the surface concentration component acts to compensate for the increment of the concen-... 

If the acting force causes a roll deflection which exceeds a certain lateral displacement of the roll the thickness gradient across the calendered product might be beyond the required value which means that a calender shall include some special devices to compensate this roll deflection. Some well-known devices are... 

The velocity v of liquid motion can be found from the condition that the electric force should be compensated by the viscous friction force /f. The latter is proportional to the velocity gradient in the layer of slipping charges ... 

Fig. 1.11 Typical basic three-dimensional negative intensity directly before the actual imaging sequence with slice selection, frequen- read gradient. The shape of the 180° rf pulse cy encoding and phase encoding in three ortho- is drawn schematically to indicate that a soft gonal directions. The compensating lobe for pulse is used, the read gradient is drawn as a rectangle with...

Fig. 1.16 Typical motion-compensated, velocity encoding imaging sequence. The basic scheme from Figure 1.11 is amended by additional compensating gradient pulses for the read, phase and slice directions. The velocity encoding pair of gradient pulses of duration 8 and separation A is drawn on a separate line in reality, it is applied along any of the three...

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