Graded cathodes

Xu X, Xia C, Xiao G, and Peng D. Fabrication and performance of functionally graded cathodes for IT-SOFCs based on doped ceria electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 2005 176 1513-1520. 

Hart NT, Brandon NP, Day MJ, and Shemilt JE. Functionally graded cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells. J. Mat. Sci. 2001 36 1077-1085. 

Liu Y, Compson C, and Liu M. Nanostructured and functionally graded cathodes for intermediate-temperature SOFCs. Fuel Cells Bull. 2004 10 12-15. 

Xie, Z., Navessin, T, Shi, K., Chow, R., Wang, Q., Song, D., Andreaus, B., Eikerling, M., Liu, Z., and Holdcroft, S. Eunctionally graded cathode catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2005 152 A1171-A1179. 

Stuttgart (1947) (3rd edition revised by A. Schleicher) 12) H. Diel, "Electrochemical Analysis with Graded Cathode Potential Control, C.F. Smith Chemical Co, Columbus, Ohio (1948) 13) F.T. Rabbitts, AnalChem... 

Xie, Z. et ah. Functionally graded cathode catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A1171, 2005. 

H. DIEHL Electrochemical Analysis with Graded Cathode Potential Control, G. F. Smith Chemical, Columbus, Ohio, 1948. 

The second example concerns functionally graded cathodes, consisting of five layers of YSZ/LSM with increasing content of LSM (20-100%) (Holtappels and Bagger [2002]). The cathodes were prepared on both sides of a YSZ tape (thickness -150jum), characterized by IS and found to have a very high performance, with... 

Zh. Xie, T. Navessin, K. Shi, R. Chow, Q. Wang, D. Song, B. Andreaus, M. Eikerling, Zh. Liu, and S. Holdcroft. Functionally graded cathode catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 A1171—A1179, 2005. 

Wang Q, Eikerling M, Song D, Liu S, Navessin T, Xie Z, et al. Functionally graded cathode catalyst layers for polymer electrol5de fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 2004 151(7) A950-7. 

Liu, Y. Compson, C. Liu, M. (2004). Nanostructured and Functionally Graded Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 138, No. 1-2, pp. 194-198, ISSN 03787753... 

Xie Z, Navessin T, Shi K, Chow R, Wang Q, Song D, Andreaus B, Eikerling M, Liu Z and Holdcroft S (2005) Functionally Graded Cathode Catalyst Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells II. Experimental Study of the Effect of Nafion Distribution, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, pp. A1171-A1179. 

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