Golgi cells displaced

Altman and Das, 1970). They share this property with a group of displaced Golgi cells located in the lower molecular layer in the rabbit (Ramon y Cajal, 1911 Spagek, 1973). A subpopulation of Golgi cells in the cat and man, but not in rat or rabbit, is im-munoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (see Section 3.10.1., Fig. 86). Certain Golgi cells in rats were found to be immunostained with antibodies against conjugates of somatostatin (Johansson et al., 1984 Vincent et al., 1985 Villar et al., 1989) (Fig. 20) or enkephalin (Schulman et al., 1981 Ibuki et al., 1988). 

AChE-positive displaced Golgi cells (Ramon y Cajal, 1911) are present in the lower one third of the entire molecular layer of the rabbit cerebellum (Spagek et al., 1973) and strong AChE-staining is present in this stratum in the vermis and certain lobules of the hemisphere in the same species (Tan et al., 1995a). 

Once inside a cell the vesicles lose their coats to become endosomes which may then fuse with lysosomes or with Golgi membranes. The removal of a clathrin coat requires ATP as well as the chaperonin Hsp 70 (Chapter 10) and a coat protein called auxilin.568 Triskelion is distorted and displaced from the clathrin cage. The interior of the newly formed endosome is quickly acidified by the action of a proton pump in the vesicle walls.554 569 This sometimes leads to dissociation of enclosed receptors from their ligands and permits recycling of receptors and lipids of the vesicle membranes to the cell surface. This is the case for the low-density lipoprotein receptor.570 571... 

In rats kept in a hypobaric chamber at a pressure of 460 mm Hg, Laidler and Kay (1975) found a U-near relation between the combined total volume of the carotid bodies and the combined volume of glomic cells (r = 0.92, P <0.001). There was a Unear relation between the volume of glomic ceUs and the duration of exposure (27, 28, and 35 days, respectively) to chronic hypoxia (r = 0.63, P = 0.05). The type I cells were enlarged due to an increase in the volume of their cytoplasm (Laidler and Kay (1978). Many of their dense-core vesicles were vacuolated and the core was displaced eccentrically to become adherent to the limiting membrane of the vesicle. The concentration and distribution of dense core vesicles remained unaltered and there were no obvious changes in the mitochondria, ribosomes or Golgi apparatus. There were no structural changes in the type II cells. 

Pulse-chase experiments with living cells show that this vesicle-mediated transport is quite rapid. The average time of displacement of cell wall matrix polysaccharides from dictyosomes and Golgi vesicles in plant cells is about 3 min. 

Gillingham, A. K., Pfeifer, A. C, and Munro, S. (2002). CASP, the alternatively spliced product of the gene encoding the CCAAT-displacement protein transcription factor, is a Golgi membrane protein related to giantin. Mol. Biol. Cell. 13, yiEV-TnA. 

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