Gold complexes phthalocyanines

Gold (continued) pentafluoride, structure, 27 103 peroxides, 6 343-344 phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 64 polyhalogen complex of, 3 153 poly(pyrazolyl)borato alkyl derivatives, 42 320-321... 

Phthalocyanine is a divalent ligand with a geometry appropriate for forming a four-coordinated square-planar complex and was thought ideal for generating an Au(II) species. The action of AuBr on molten 1,3-diiminoisoindoline in the absence of solvent indeed yields a neutral gold phthalocyanine (63). The EPR spectra of the complex in 1-chloronaphthalene at 77 K clearly showed the presence of Au(II), a d9 ion. The g value is 2.065, comparable to 2.042 for copper and 2.093 for silver phthalocyanine (64, 80). 

Ozoemena K I, Nyokong T Westbroek P (2003) Self-assembled monolayers of cobalt and iron phthalocyanine complexes on gold electrodes Comparative surface electrochemistry and electrocatalytic interaction with thiols and thiocyanate. Electroanalysis 15(22) 1762-1770... 

Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2005) Electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine at gold electrode modified with iron phthalocyanine complex linked to mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer. Talanta 67(1) 162-168... 

Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2006) Comparative electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activities of cobalt, iron and manganese phthalocyanine complexes axially co-ordinated to mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer at gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 51(13) 2669-2677... 

Speranza G, Buckel W, Golding BT. Coenzyme Bi2-dependent enzymatic dehydration of 1,2-diols simple reaction, complex mechanism J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines. 2004 8 290-300. 

Equations (II) to (IX) illustrate basic methods of preparation, but many variations are used, particularly in industry, to obtain an economic yield. Phthalic acid, phthalamide, phthalimide, and phthalic anhydride, together with urea, are often used instead of phthalonitrile, and catalysts such as ammonium molybdate or zirconium tetrachloride may be employed (249, 251, 269). The reaction between phthalonitrile and metals (finely divided or acid-etched) is usually very vigorous at 250°-300°C, sufficient heat being generated to maintain the reaction temperature. This is an illustration of the ease with which the phthalocyanine skeleton is formed. Even more surprising are the observations that palladium black (118) and gold (189) will dissolve in molten phthalonitrile. Reaction (III) between phthalonitrile and a finely divided metal, metal hydride, oxide, or chloride is perhaps the most generally employed. For the unstable phthalocyanine complexes such as that of silver (11), the double decomposition reaction... 

Fig. 29 Scheme depicting a gold nanoparticle protected by bis(phthalocyaninate)lanthanide(III) (LnPc2-AuNP, Ln = Lu, Tb) complexes... 

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