Gold complexes penicillamine

Gold complexes of cysteine derivatives such as N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine,... 

Zucconi TD, Janauer GE, Donahe S and Lewkowicz C, Acid dissociation and metal complex formation constants of penicillamine, cysteine, and antiarfiiritic gold complexes at simulated biological conditions,/. Pharm. Sci, 68(4), 426-432 (1979). 

No structure determinations on simple bis(thiolato)gold(I) complexes have yet been reported, but they are assumed to have linear stereochemistry as in [Au(S203)2]3 and in the complex D-penicillamine derivative Na[Au2Ni2(pen)4], of structure (21)., 269 270... 

These thiolate exchange reactions are thought to lead to incorporation of gold(I) to thiolate functions in proteins and enzymes, and thence to interfere with the inflammatory process. Thiols such as 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), iV-acetylcysteine and penicillamine have also been used in the treatment of gold toxicity. Protein-bound gold is mobilized by complexation to the added thiol and can then be excreted.250,273... 

Dithiols give several stable square planar gold(III) complexes. Some complexes of biochemical interest are those derived from 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL),230 dimercaptosuc-cinic acid249 and penicillamine.542 These are thought to have structures similar to that of the toluenedithiolate derivative (72).543 They can be prepared by reaction of [AuCLJ- with the dithiol and base or by oxidation of gold in the presence of the dithiol. 

A very large number of copper compounds have been tested for antiinflammatory activity, and various copper complexes of antiarthritic drugs have been found to be more effective than the parent drugs alone (including aspirin, D-penicillamine, ketoprofen and gold thiomalate).25... 

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the analysis of species has not been explored sufficiently. MPc complexes substituted with thiols may be used to form SAMs. SAMs of CoOBTPc or FeOBTPc on gold were used to detect L-cysteine in acid media -The electrodes were very stable and reproducible. Detection limits for cysteine as low as 3.1 x 10 M were obtained. SAMs of FeOBTPc, FeOHETPc, CoOHETPc were used as electrocatalysts for the detection of the thiols L-cysteine (Figure 7.3a), homocysteine and penicillamine (Figure 7.3b) with detection limits in the 10 -10 M range. Lower oxidation potentials for these thiols were observed for the FePc derivatives when compared to CoPc derivatives, Table 7.2. 

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