Glycolysis hormonal

Pilkns, S., and El-Maghrabi, M., 1988. Hormonal regrdation of hepatic glnconeogenesis and glycolysis. Annual Review of Biochemistry 57 755-783. 

Pilkis SJ, El-Maghrabi MR, Claus TH Hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Annu Rev Biochem 1988 57 755. 

Figure 25-7. Metabolism of adipose tissue. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by ACTH, TSH, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin and inhibited by insulin, prostaglandin E, and nicotinic acid. Details of the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from intermediates of glycolysis are shown in Figure 24-2. (PPP, pentose phosphate pathway TG, triacylglycerol FFA, free fatty acids VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.)...

Figure 3.9 Hormone and metabolite-mediated control of glycolysis...

The hormonal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is mediated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, an allosteric effector for the enzymes PFK-1 and FBPase-1 (Fig. 15-22) ... 

The regulation of glycolysis by allosteric activation or inhibition, or the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of rate-limiting enzymes, is shortterm—that is, they influence glucose consumption over periods of minutes or hours. Superimposed on these moment-to-moment effects are slower, often more profound, hormonal influences on the amount of enzyme protein synthesized. These effects can result in ten-fold to twenty-fold increases in enzyme activity that typically occur over hours... 

Aromatic compounds arise in several ways. The major mute utilized by autotrophic organisms for synthesis of the aromatic amino acids, quinones, and tocopherols is the shikimate pathway. As outlined here, it starts with the glycolysis intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate, a metabolite from the pentose phosphate pathway. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are not only used for protein synthesis but are converted into a broad range of hormones, chromophores, alkaloids, and structural materials. In plants phenylalanine is deaminated to cinnamate which yields hundreds of secondary products. In another pathway ribose 5-phosphate is converted to pyrimidine and purine nucleotides and also to flavins, folates, molybdopterin, and many other pterin derivatives. 

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