Glycine decarboxylase

OLIVER, D.J., The glycine decarboxylase complex from plant mitochondria, Anna. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1994,45, 323-337. 

GLYCINE SYNTHASE GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE GLYCINE FORMIMINOTRANSFERASE [ N]Glycine kinetics,... 

Rebeille, F.,Neuburger,M., Douce, R. (1994). Interaction between glycine decarboxylase, serine hydroxymethyl-transferase and tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates in pea leaf mitochondria. Biochem. J., 302,223-228. 

Mukherjee M, Brown MT, McArthur AG, Johnson PJ (2006a) Proteins of the glycine decarboxylase complex in the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis. Eukaryot Cell 5 2062-2071... 

Lesniak J, Barton WA, Nikolov DB (2003) Structural and functional features of the Escherichia coli hydroperoxide resistance protein OsmC. Protein Sci 12 2838-2843 Lindmark DG, Muller M (1974) Superoxide dismutase in the anaerobic flagellates Tritrichomonas foetus and Monocercomonas sp. J Biol Chem 249 4634-4637 Mukherjee M, Brown MT, McArthur AG, Johnson PJ (2006a) Proteins of the glycine decarboxylase complex in the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis. Eukaryot Cell 5 2062-2071... 

Glycine decarboxylase 743, 745, 809 Glycine decarboxylase-synthetase system... 

An alternative pathway by which some acetogenic bacteria form acetate is via reversal of the glycine decarboxylase reaction of Fig. 15-20. Methylene-THF is formed by reduction of C02, and together with NH3 and C02 a lipoamide group of the enzyme and PLP forms glycine. The latter reacts with a second methylene-THF to form serine, which can be deaminated to pyruvate and assimilated. Methanogens may use similar pathways but ones that involve methanopterin (Fig. 15-17).191... 

In addition to these major processes, many other chemical events also occur. Mitochondria concentrate Ca2+ ions and control the entrance and exit of Na+, K+, dicarboxylates, amino acids, ADP, P and ATP, and many other substances.16 Thus, they exert regulatory functions both on catabolic and biosynthetic sequences. The glycine decarboxylase system (Fig. 15-20) is found in the mitochondrial matrix and is especially active in plant mitochondria (Fig. 23-37). Several cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylation reactions, important to the biosynthesis and catabolism of steroid hormones and... 

The P-protein consists of two identical 100-kDa subunits, each containing a molecule of PLP. This protein is a glycine decarboxylase which, however, replaces the lost CO2 by an electrophilic sulfur of lipoate rather than by a proton. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase can also catalyze this step of the sequence. The lipoate is bound to a second protein, the H-protein. A third protein, the T-protein, carries boxmd tetrahydrofolate which displaces the aminomethyl group from the dihydrolipoate and converts it to N, N -methylene... 

Some acetogenic bacteria, which convert CO2 to acetic acid, form pyruvate for synthesis of carbohydrates, etc., by formation of formaldehyde and conversion of the latter to glycine by reversal of the PLP and lipoic acid-dependent glycine decarboxylase, a 4-protein system. The glycine is then converted to serine, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, etc. Propose a detailed pathway for this sequence. 

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