Glutamate ion

Similarly to the induction or the inhibition of the current oscillation at a biomembrane with a sodium channel, the current oscillation at the liquid membrane (without any channel proteins) caused by the transfer of Na can be induced by acetylcholine ion, Ach, or inhibited by such rather hydrophobic ions as alkylammonium and glutamate ions. 

The current oscillation observed by applying AFwi-wi = —0-48 V was inhibited when one of the rather hydrophobic ions such as TEA, TBA+ or glutamate ion was added to Wl to more than 10 BSA, was added to W2. 

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the immobilization of penicillin G acylase on glutamate-pillared LDHs. Reaction of the primary amino groups of the intercalated glutamate ions with glutaraldehyde through Schiff s base formation is followed by covalent coupling of the residual aldehyde groups with the free amino groups of the enzyme...

Acetic acid Acetaldehyde Acetone L-Alanine l-Alanine ion L-Alaninate ion L-Arginine dl-Aspartic acid L-Aspartic acid L-Aspartic acid ion L-Aspartate ion Benzene Butyric acid Butyrate ion Carbon dioxide Citric acid Citrate ion Creatine L-Cysteine L-Cystine Ethanol Ethyl acetate Formic acid Formate ion Fumaric acid Fumarate ion a-D-Glucose p-D-Glucose Glycerol L-Glutamic acid L-Glutamate ion... 

This explanation for the increased excretion of ammonium salts is now being questioned. It has been pointed out that the hydrolysis of glutamine produces glutamate ions and ammonium ions rather than free ammonia. Furthermore most of the glutamate produced is converted into glucose in the kidney and the reactions involved in the conversion result in the uptake of two H ions. This is equivalent to the production of two HCOj" ions per molecule of glucose formed. Thus, for every two molecules of glutamine metabolized two NH4 ions are excreted and two HCOs" ions become available and help to compensate the acidosis. 

The receptors for salt, sourness and savouriness (umami) all act as ion channels, transporting sodium ions, protons or glutamate ions respectively into the cells of the taste buds. 

Glutamate ion channel Glutamate Mixed lipids ISFET ISFET 134, 135... 

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