Glucose-sensing capability

Covalently attachment GOD enzyme to amino modified magnetic nanoparticles was used to prepare bioactive magnetic nanoparticles with glucose sensing capabilities [200],Figure 22 shows the preparation of amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles and covalent attachment of glucose oxidase to them. 

Hsieh YC, Zahn JD (2007) On-chip microdialysis system with flow-through glucose sensing capabilities. J Diabetes Sci Technol l(3) 375-83... 

Im JS, Yun J, Kim JG, Bae TS, Lee YS (2012) The effects of carbon nanotube addition and oxyfluorination on the glucose-sensing capabilities of glucose oxidase-coated ctubon fiber electrodes. Appl Surf Sci 258(7) 2219-2225. doi 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.08.017... 

A conventional P(ANi)/glucose-oxidase sensor (see Sec. 17-2) but prepared in such a microelectrode array configuration is claimed to have shown greatly improved sensing capabilities over its macro-electrode counterpart [830]. Such CP microelectrode arrays have also been used to conductometrically detect such analytes as penicillin by incorporation of the appropriate enzyme, here penicillinase, into the conducting polymer during electropolymerization [831]. 

Ever since Clarke and Lyons, glucose sensing has come a very long way. The techniques for glucose measurement have also developed beyond capabilities. There are innumerable possibilities that one could follow to measure glucose concentration from a particular medium as classified in Figure 15.3. 

Fructose crystallizes well when pure. It is much more soluble and considerably sweeter than common sugar. It is a physiological sugar in every sense of the word. Now that we have analytical methods capable of distinguishing fructose from glucose certainly, it has been shown that fructose is normally present in human blood (71). In embryonic and newborn infants, the level is much higher than in adults (5). Fructose is also the predominant sugar of seminal fluid and its concentration has an important effect upon the motility of spermatozoa (38). 

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