Glucose product, oxidized deriv

D-mannose derivatives. Chitose and its oxidation products must then necessarily have a D-glucose configuration. The problem thus presented was solved by Levene and LaForge in 191554- 58 in the following manner. 

Studies using labeled oxygen have shown that oxygen evolved during the reaction is a product of water oxidation and is not derived from carbon dioxide. The overall reaction of synthesis of glucose (C6H1206) can be written as [8,37,113,114]... 

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of compounds II from D-glucose and XI from D-fructose show an absorption band at 250 m/j, in accordance with their furan character.9 The product of periodate oxidation (V) and the dimethyl ester of the derived dicarboxylic acid (III) absorb at 285 and 262 m/i, respectively. The anhydrides of the condensates, XXXIV, do not exhibit selective absorption in the ultraviolet region, but the product of their oxidation (XXXVI) with periodic acid shows8 a band at about 270 m/i. 

CL reaction can be catalyzed by enzymes other than HRP (e.g., microperoxidase and catalase) and by other substances [hemoglobin, cytochrome c, Fe(III), and other metal complexes]. The presence of suitable molecules such as phenols (p-iodophenol), naphthols (l-bromo-2-naphthol), or amines (p-anisidine) increases the light production deriving from the HRP-catalyzed oxidation of luminol and produces glow-type kinetics [6, 7], The use of other enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [38-41], P-galactosidase [42], and xanthine oxidase [43-46], as CL labels has been reported. 

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and its derivative pyridoxamine are apparently able to inhibit superoxide production, reduce lipid peroxidation and glycosylation in high glucose-exposed erythrocytes [353], It was suggested that the suppression of oxidative stress in erythrocytes may be a new mechanism by which these natural compounds inhibit the development of complication in diabetes mellitus. 

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