Glucose polymeric forms

Dextrose (D-glucose) is by far the most abundant sugar in nature. It occurs either in the monosaccharide form (free state) or in a polymeric form of anhydrodextrose units. As a monosaccharide, dextrose is present in substantial quantities in honey, fmits, and berries. As a polymer, dextrose occurs in starch, cellulose (qv), and glycogen. Sucrose is a disaccharide of dextrose and fmctose. 

Gonzales and Laird145 have shown that smectites abiotically catalyze dehydration of glucose to form furfural under conditions similar to those found in soils. Four smectite clay minerals were used (saturated with Na, Ca, Fe, or Al), and the formation of HMF and furfural was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The polymerization of furfural may thus be a pathway to the formation of new humic materials in soils. 

Several common polysaccharides are derived from glucose including cellulose, starch, and glycogen. These polymeric forms of glucose differ in structure. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide, forms the structural material of the cell walls of plants. Cellulose is a polymer... 

Glucose polymerizes to form glycogen when the organism has no immediate need for the enei derived from glucose breakdown. 

When the glucose originates by breakdown of its polymeric forms, starch or glycogen, it is already phosphorylated, as glucose-1-phosphate, and the initial reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. 

Besides its utilisation as a source of energy, glucose is connected to other important metabolic pathways. In some tissues, like liver and muscle, it is stored in polymeric form as glycogen. The reactions of ycogen metabolism and the... 

The concentration of primer, while not influencing the amount of glucose polymerized, does determine the average chain length of the product. Muscle phosphorylase was isolated in two crystalline forms, a and... 

Wang has employed the template approach using monomer 84 to prepare a fluorescent polymer with enhanced selectivity towards D-fructose [161,162]. Appleton has used a similar approach using monomer 85 to prepare a D-glucose selective polymer [77]. The Appleton polymer clearly shows the value of the imprinting technique. Here, the selectivity of the monomer for D-fructose over D-glucose has been reversed in the polymeric form. 

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