Glucose oxidase, electrochemistry

Gao, R.F. and Zheng, J.B. (2009) Amine-terminated ionic liquid functionalized carbon nanombe-gold nanoparticles for investigating the direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase. Electrochemistry Communications, 11 (3), 608-611. 

L. Wang and Z.B. Yuan, Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at a gold electrode modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes. Sensors 3, 544-554 (2003). 

Y.H. Wu and S.S. Hu, Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase in a colloid Au-dihexadecylphos-phate composite film and its application to develop a glucose biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry. Available online 6 May (2006). 

C. Shan, H. Yang, J. Song, D. Han, A. Ivaska, L. Niu, Direc electrochemistry of glucose oxidase biosensing for glucose based on graphene, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 81, pp. 2378-2382, 2009. 

Mani, V., B. Devadas, and S.-M. Chen, Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid material modified electrode for glucose biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2012. 41 p. 309-315. 

Li, J. Yu, J., Zhao, F., and Zheng, B., Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase entrapped in nanogold particles-ionic liquid N,N-dimethylformamide composite film on glassy carbon electrode and glucose sensing. Anal. Chim. Acta, 587,33-40, 2007. 

During the past 40 years there have been numerous exciting extensions of electrochemistry to the field of analytical chemistry. A series of selective-ion potentiometric electrodes have been developed, such that most of the common ionic species can be quantitatively monitored in aqueous solution. A highly effective electrolytic moisture analyzer provides continuous online assays for water in gases. Another practical development has been the voltammetric membrane electrode for dioxygen (02), which responds linearly to the partial pressure of 02, either in the gas phase or in solution. The use of an immobilized enzyme (glucose oxidase) on an electrode sensor to assay glucose in blood is another extension of electrochemistry to practical analysis. 

Figure 9. AFM images of TPSP-ZnO before (A)and after(B)GOD loading.(C) Cyclic voltammograms ofTPSP-ZnO/Nafion (a), GOD/Nafion (b)GOD/spherical ZnO/ Nafion (c) and GOD/TPSP-ZnO/Nalion (d) modified in 0.1M pH 7.0 PB at 0.1 Vs" ( Reprinted from Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24, Z. Dai, G. Shao, J. Hong, J. Bao, J. Shen, Immobilization and direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on a tetragonal pyramid-shaped porous ZnO nanostructure for a glucose biosensor, 1288,1289, Copyrights (2009) with permission fom Elsevier.

Fu, C.L, Yang, W.S., Chen, X., and Evans, D.G. (2009) Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on a graphite nanosheet-Nafion composite film modified electrode. Electrochemistry Communications, 11 (5), 997-1000. 

Glucose oxidase-graphene-chitosan modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensing. Biosensors 1 Biodectronics, 25 (4), 901-905. 

N. (2010) Deglycosylafion of glucose oxidase to improve biosensors and biofoel cells. Electrochemistry Communications, 12 (2), 213-215. 

Chemicals. (2-[N-Morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid) monohydrate (MES) and glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) type VII from Aspergillus niger (activity 1682 U/g solid) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, citric acid monohydrate, acetonitrile (HPLC grade), tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP), glutaraldehyde (25% in water), and hydrogen peroxide (30% in water) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Tustin, CA). Aniline, 1,2 phenylenediamine, and resorcinol were acquired from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). All the chemicals were used without purification. Double distilled ultrapure water was used for preparation of the buffers, standards, and electrochemistry work. 

Although there have been a number of reports of direct electrochemistry of enzymes, cases in which these criteria have been met clearly are few in number. Since they lie outside the context of this article, examples in which the sole enzyme active site is an organic group, for example glucose oxidase, have been omitted. 

Deng, S., et al. A glucose biosensor based on direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase immobilized on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 25(2), 373-377 (2009)... 

---