Glucose mimic

A widely used molecular probe in PET imaging is the glucose mimic 2-deoxy-[ F]fluoro-D-deoxyglucose (FDG), which has been snccessfiilly employed in neurological, cardiovascular and oncology investigations. This probe has a relatively long half-life of 109 min, which makes its prodnction/utilization in hospitals more practical than probes based on other radionnclides with shorter half-lives. 

The glucose mimic, desoxynojirimycin (38) (fvomMorus, mulberry, Moraceae), inhibits a-glucosidases in the manuna-lian gut. A mannose analog, desoxymannojirimycin (39), inhibits mannosidases. Another alkaloid from Derris (Fabaceae) inhibits the action of invertase but does not prevent hydrolysis of this disaccharide in the mammalian gut. In artificial diets with Locusta migratoria, 0.001% of DMDP in the... 

Insulin and Amylin. Insulin is a member of a family of related peptides, the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), including IGF-I and IGF-II (60) and amylin (75), a 37-amino acid peptide that mimics the secretory pattern of insulin. Amylin is deficient ia type 1 diabetes meUitus but is elevated ia hyperinsulinemic states such as insulin resistance, mild glucose iatolerance, and hypertension (33). Insulin is synthesized ia pancreatic P cells from proinsulin, giving rise to the two peptide chains, 4. and B, of the insulin molecule. IGF-I and IGF-II have stmctures that are homologous to that of proinsulin (see INSULIN AND OTHER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS). 

It was discovered nearly 20 years ago that V(V) as vanadate and V(IV) as vanadyl can mimic some of the effects of insulin (stimulate glucose uptake and oxidation and glycogen synthesis) (512, 513). Vanadate is an effective insulin mimetic in the diabetic rat (514), but has proved to be too toxic for human use. Vanadyl, as VOS04, is also unsuitable because high doses are needed on account of its poor oral absorption. Vanadium complexes with organic ligands have proved to be less toxic and can have improved aqueous solubility and lipophil-icity. 

Mercaptopurine [6-MP] (Purinethol) [Antineoplastic/ Antimeta lite] Uses Acute leukemias, 2nd-line Rx of CML NHL, maint ALL in children, immunosuppressant w/ autoimmune Dzs (Crohn Dz) Action Antimetabolite, mimics hypoxanthine Dose Adults. 80-100 mg/mVd or 2.5-5 mg/kg/d maint 1.5-2.5 mg/kg/d Peds. Per protocol X w/ renal/hepatic insuff on empty stomach Caution [D, ] Contra Severe hepatic Dz, BM suppression, PRG Disp Tabs SE Mild hematotox, mucositis, stomatitis, D rash, fever, eosinophilia, jaundice. Hep Interactions T Effects W/ allopurinol T risk of BM suppression W/ trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole X effects OF warfarin EMS May falsely T glucose OD May cause NA and liver necrosis symptomatic and supportive Meropenem (Merrem) [Antibiotic/Carbapenem] Uses lntra-abd Infxns, bacterial meningitis Action Carbapenem X cell wall synth, a [3-lactam Dose Adults. 1 to 2 g IV q8h Peds. >3 mo, <50 kg 10-40 mg/kg IV q 8h in renal insuff Caution [B, ] Contra [3-Lactam sensitivity Disp Inj 500 mg, 1 g SE Less Sz potential than imipenem D, thrombocytopenia Interactions T Effects W/ probenecid EMS Monitor for signs of electrolyte disturbances and... 

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