Glucose metabolic reductions

The reactions in Eqs. (10) and (11) indicate the links with glucose metabolism, the former to the direct oxidative pathway, the latter to the glycolytic route. The essential link in the reduction of MHb is the generation of reduced pyridine nucleotides (B14, R12, S10). The... 

Reduction of oxaioacetate synthesis aiso impairs gluconeogenesis, which compromises tissues dependent on glucose metabolism (such as the brain) during fasting. 

Fig,1, An [ F]FDG-PET scan depicting glucose metabolism in a monozygotic twin pairand in a control subject. Note the clear reduction in [ F]FDG uptake especially in temporoparietal areas (thick arrows) in the cotwin having AD (on the left), and similar, but less pronounced reduction in same brain areas (thin arrows) in the cognitively healthy cotwin (in the middle) as compared with the uptake in a control subject (on the right), (See Colour Plate Section at the end of this book,)... 

Wieder et al. [80] evaluated the time course of therapy-induced changes in tumor glucose metabolism during chemoradiotherapy of esophageal SCC in a cohort of 38 patients. Early metabolic response, defined as a reduction of baseline SUV of more than 30%, predicted histopathologic response 2 weeks after induction of chemotherapy with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 88%, respectively. Changes in tumor metabolic activity early in the time course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy were also significantly correlated with patient survival (p < 0.011). 

Mammalian sperm cells metabolize D-fructose preferentially as a source of energy. Fructose is formed in cells of the seminal vesicle from D-glucose via reduction to the sugar alcohol sorbitol using NADPH, followed by oxidation of sorbitol to fructose using NAD+. The fructose concentration... 

Raine A, Buchsbaum MS, Stanley J, Lottenberg S, Abel L, et al. 1994. Selective reductions in prefrontal glucose metabolism in murderers. Biol Psychiatry 36 365-373. 

Do optically active 1-methyl-TIQs, as sketched in Fig. 32 for the synthesis of (7 )-salsolinol, originate from a Pictet-Spengler reaction of dopamine with acetaldehyde derive from ethanol, or are they the result of a Pictet-Spengler reaction of biogenic amines with pyruvic acid, as sketched in Fig. 33 Based on the accumulated data it seems reasonable to propose that optically active TIQs are formed by the pyruvic acid pathway, and that the pyruvic acids may be derived from an impaired glucose metabolism or an impaired amino acid metabolism. Whether the intermediate TIQ-1-carboxylic acids 91a,b are enzymatically decarboxylated to afford 64a,b in a different enantiomeric ratio, or whether optically active TIQs are formed by oxidative decarboxylation of TIQ 91 to DIQ 120, followed by an asymmetric reduction, remains open to question. 

Metal ascorbates are frequently associated with redox chemistry, particularly when the metal is redox active, which includes most transition metal ions . The redox activity of AA also leads to decomposition of its Co(II) and Gd(III) complexes into oxalate complexes . AA is considered a major reductant for Cr(IV) to yield Cr(III) °. Reduction of CrOs with excess of AA affords a Cr(III)-ascorbate complex. However, the structure of this complex was not determined. Since Cr(III) has been demonstrated to play a role in glucose metabolism, it is thus important to investigate further the reduction of high-valent Cr species by AA and binding of AA to Cr(III). 

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