Glucose Glycogen metabolism

Stalmans, W., Cadefau, J., Wera, S., and Bollen, M., 1997. New insight into die reguladon of liver glycogen metabolism by glucose. Biochemical Society Transactions 25 19—25. 

Glycogen and its enzymes are compartmentalized. Glycogen granules are only present in astrocytes of adult animals but are found in both astrocytes and neurons of immature animals. Of the enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase is found in astrocytes only. Under steady-state conditions, it is probable that less than 10% of phosphorylase in brain is in the unphosphorylated b form (requiring AMP). This form is probably not very active at the low AMP concentrations present when intracellular glucose is sufficient to maintain ATP synthesis. Brain phosphorylase b kinase is activated indirectly by cAMP and by the molar concentrations... 

New Chapter 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation, Illustrated with Glucose and Glycogen Metabolism... 

Anthelmintic drugs can act in a variety of ways, by influencing the metabolism of the parasite (e.g. dismption of glucose and glycogen metabolism) or neuromuscular effects (e.g. inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase - organo-phosphates). The compounds are usually administered to animals orally, by injections, as feed additives or in the form of pour-on preparations. 

Hormonal control Glycogen metabolism is tightly controlled by hormones. When blood glucose by epinephrine levels fall, glucagon is secreted by the a cells of the pancreas and acts on the and glucagon liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown to glucose which is then released into... 

In animal fermentations, an organic molecule (e.g., pyruvate) serves as a terminal proton and electron acceptor, forming an organic end product (e.g., lactate). In contrast, 02 is required as a terminal acceptor for the complete oxidation of substrates such as glucose, glycogen, fatty acids, or amino acids. As discussed in chapter 3, 02 was not always available as one of the substrates for oxidative metabolism and organisms in primordial times had to rely on anaerobic metabolic processes. 

In glycogen metabolism (Section 21.5). PKA phosphorylates two enzymes that lead to the breakdown of this polymeric store of glucose and the inhibition of further glycogen synthesis. 

Glycogen Metabolism in the Liver Regulates the Blood-Glucose Level... 

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