Glucocorticoids synthesis

Amri H, Ogwuegbu SO, Boujrad N, Drieu K, Papadopoulos V. (1996). In vivo regulation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and glucocorticoid synthesis by Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and isolated ginkgolides. Endocrinology. 137(12) 5707-18. 

Glucocorticoid synthesis is under direct control of the Hypothalamus... 

Ang II acts directly on the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone synthesis and release. At higher concentrations, Ang II also stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis. 

Johansson M, Earsson C, Bergman A, et al. 1998. Structure-activity relationship for inhibition of CYPl IB 1-dependent glucocorticoid synthesis in Yl cells by aryl methyl sulfones. Pharmacol Toxicol (Amsterdam) 83 225-230. 

Because it inhibits glucocorticoid synthesis, mitotane can cause acute hypoadrenalism (723). 

FIGURE 29-2 Negative feedback control of glucocorticoid synthesis. Cortisol limits its own synthesis by inhibiting the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH] from the hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] from the anterior pituitary. 

If the pituitary-adrenal axis plays such an important role in central neurotransmission, it may be speculated that glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors (e.g. metyrapone) could reduce the abnormality in neurotransmitter function by decreasing the cortisol concentration. 

The DDT metabolites, 4,4 -DDE (l,l-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloro-ethene) and 2,4 -DDE are OHS that form MeS02-containing metabolites that persist in biota and humans [4,11,12,15,22,23]. Of particular concern is 3-MeS02-4,4 -DDE which is bioactivated to a reactive metabolite that irreversibly binds in the adrenal cortex of some species [24-27]. CYP1 If hydroxylase activity is perturbed in several species, and thus interference with glucocorticoid synthesis in vivo is possible. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a major OHS that forms HCB methyl sulfide metabolites in HCB-exposed rats [28,29]. However,... 

Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Genes Involved in the Adrenal Pathway of Glucocorticoid Synthesis are Transiently Expressed in the Developing Lung. Endocrinology 2005 Jan 27 [Epub ahead of print]. 

Mueller, M., Atanasov, A., Cima, I., Corazza, N., Schoonjans, K., and Brunner, T. (2007). Differential regulation of glucocorticoid synthesis in murine intestinal epithehal versus adrenocortical cell lines. Endocrinology 148, 1445-1453. 

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