Glucocorticoids receptors for

The HREs of the steroid hormone receptors posses a palindromic structure, comparable to the DNA binding elements of procaryotic repressors (see fig. 4.7a). The glucocorticoid receptor, for example, binds as a homodimer to the two-fold symmetrical recognition sequence, whereby the receptor is already dimerized in solution. In complex with the DNA each subimit of the dimer contacts one half-site of the HRE. As a consequence of the two-fold repeat of the recognition sequence, a high affinity binding of the receptor dimer results (compare 1.2.4). 

Kodama T, Shimizu N, Yoshikawa N, Makino Y> Ouchida R, et al. 2003. Role of the glucocorticoid receptor for regulation of hypoxia-dependent gene expression. J Biol Chem 278 33384-33391. 

Synthetic steroid with strong glucocorticoid-agonistic activity. Dexamethasone is over 10 times more potent than cortisol due to a higher binding affinity for glucocorticoid receptor and a decreased clearance rate of the compound. Due to its potency, dexamethasone is widely used in the clinics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. 

Hsps serve other ftmctions during nonstressful conditions. Hsp90 acts as a molecular brake for the steroid receptor family (Bresnick et al., 1988 Bagchi et al., 1990,1991). The complex of hsp90 and the glucocorticoid receptor prevents DNA binding of the receptor until the ligand for the receptor is present (Cadepond et al.,... 

In addition to these actions, glucocorticoids modify the function of several transmitters and/or their receptors, notably GABA, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, 5-HT and sigma (cr)-receptors for which the endogenous ligand is unknown. Conversely, the... 

There are several underlying mechanisms responsible for posttransplant HTN. Some causes of HTN in transplant recipients may include renal dysfunction, increased sensitivity to endothelin-1 and angiotensin, increased density of glucocorticoid receptors in the vascular smooth muscle, and decreased production of vasodilatory prostaglandins.57 However, one of the most easily recognized causes of posttransplant HTN is the use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.58,59 Corticosteroids usually cause sodium and water retention,57 thus increasing blood pressure, whereas calcineurin inhibitors are associated with a number of effects that may result in HTN, including... 

Glucocorticoids. The primary glucocorticoid is cortisol. Receptors for the glucocorticoids are found in all tissues. The overall effects of these hormones include ... 

Glucocorticoid. Adrenal steroid receptors have been subdivided into two categories, one of which is the classical glucocorticoid receptor [7,19]. This receptor, cloned from human and rat sources, consists of a steroid- and DNA-binding subunit of 95 kDa [7, 19]. Such receptors, which have dissociation constants of 4-5 nM for glucocorticoids, are widely distributed across brain regions and are found in neurons and glial cells [7,19]. 

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