Global orientational order

Most of the results presented in this section, including Eqs. (4.15)—(4.17), are not valid when the equilibrium state of the fluid exhibits global orientational order, for example, a global director. However, they do apply to an isotropic suspension of locally anisotropic objects, such as vesicles or liposomes, which may exhibit a local director, provided that long-range orientational correlations do not extend over a significant fraction of the volume sampled in the experiment. 

These studies have also shown that the PDMS chains become elongated and ordered as a function of applied tension [26]. Since monomer alignment on the surface of the cavity may have significant effect on the PDMS/filler system upon extension, we investigate the evolution of the global orientational order parameter, p2y, for the melt and particles that belong to the cavity ... 

As for simple fluids that have only translational degrees of freedom the structure of the confined DSS fluid is inhomogeneous on account of stratification (see Section 5.3.4). Because of the additional rotational degrees of freedom, however, the structure of the DSS fluid may be more complex as snapshots from the MC simulations in Fig. 6.7 illustrate. In the left part of that figure, a snapshot is presented for a globally isotropic system, whereas the right part shows a snapshot for an orientationally ordered phase. For the sake of clarity only molecules in one contact layer (i.e., the layers of molecules closest to one of the walls) are plotted. 

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Figures 9 and iO show the results from one experiment on PPC deep in the thermotropic phase at 65°C. A steady state shear flow of 2.5s is applied and the level of global preferred orientation is evaluated from a series of x-ray scattering patterns recorded with a cycle time of 15s over a period of 1000s. Using the azimuthual variation of intensity of the diffuse peak at IQI 0.4 A , values of the global orientation parameters mtd are obtained as a function of time. A value of , = 0 indicates a completely isotr opic state, while . = I indicates a fully aligned system. A nematic liquid crystal systems exhibits microscopic order...

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