Glaucoma drugs

Counsel patients about glaucoma, drug therapy options, ophthalmic administration techniques, and the importance of adherence to the prescribed regimen. 

Camras CB, Toris CB, Tamesis RR. Efficacy and adverse effects of medications used in the treatment of glaucoma. Drugs Aging 1999,15 377-388. 

Blacker, A. J., Holt, R. A. Development of a Multi-stage Chemical and Biological Process for an Optically Active Intermediate for an Anti-glaucoma Drug. In Chirality in Industry II, Collins, A. N., Sheldrake, G. N., Crosby, J. Eds., John Wiley Sons Chichester, 1997, p. 245. 

From an efficacy point of view, early studies with HEMA based lenses were conducted using pilocarpine, the key available glaucoma drug during that era. Several studies reported improvements in reduction of intraocular pressure and corneal drug flux using... 

Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Timolol a review of its therapeutic efficacy in the topical treatment of glaucoma. Drugs 1979 17(l) 38-55. 

Stjernschantz et al. later developed latanoprost [22], which has potent IOP-reducing effects with topical administration once daily in the evening. Compared with a representative (3-blocker, timolol, it demonstrated superior efficacy in clinical studies in reducing IOP by approximately 27-34% from baseline. Latanoprost is the FP receptor agonist most widely used worldwide as an anti-glaucoma drug. 

Triptahi RC, Tripathi BJ, Haggerty C. Drug-induced glaucomas. Drug Saf 2003 26 749-767. 

Vogel R, Strahlman E, Rittenhouse KD. Adverse events associated with commonly used glaucoma drugs. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1999 39 107-124. 

The glaucoma drug bimatoprost is synthesized in two steps from another prostaglandin. Can you suggest a method for this conversion ... 

Fluprostenol was marketed in form of its racemate by ICI as a contraceptive in the veterinary sector. The synthetic route developed for this product proceeds via the Corey lactone, whereby the side-chains are built up using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons or Wittig reactions. Travoprost, the enantio-merically pure isopropyl ester of fluprostenol, is a potent anti-glaucoma drug, for which Chirotech Technology Ltd. has published an interesting synthesis (Fig. 5.102). [229]... 

Ghate D, EdeUiauser HF (2008) Barriers to glaucoma drug delivery. J Glaucoma 17 147—56... 

Ghate D, EdeUiauser HE. Barriers to glaucoma drug dehvery. J Glaucoma 2008 17(2) 147-56. 

Leopold, I. H. (1975) Glaucoma drug therapy Monograph 1 and 11 Steroids and inflammation Monograph III and IV. Office Seminars in Ophthalmology, Irvine, California (Allergan). 

Dipivefrin is a prodmg of adrenaline which can be used to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma. Drugs with a balance of lipophilic and hydrophilic properties are best absorbed by the eye. Dipiverftin is more lipophilic than adrenaline and penetrates the eye efficiently, being converted to free adrenaline by esterases in the cornea. 

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