Glass-polymer monoliths

Figure 4.2 A schematic diagram of an integrated polymer monolith NCE with ESI-MS detection, (a) 1, separation channel 2, double-T injector 3, ESI source 4, eluent reservoir 5, sample inlet reservoir 6, sample waste reservoir 7, eluent waste reservoir that houses a porous glass gate 8, side channel for flushing the monolithic channel and 9, ESI emitter, (b) Cross-sectional view of reservoir 7, showing the position of the semipermeable glass gate, (c) Image of on-chip junction between the separation channel and the ESI emitter [25].

In GC and LC the adsorbent is fixed into a cylinder that is usually made of glass, polymer or stainless steel (column). In this column the adsorbent is present as a porous or non-porous randomly arranged packing or as a monolithic block. Because of the high separation efficiency of packed columns made of small particles this type of chromatography is called high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 

Kunz and Kirschning developed a chemically functionalized monolithic material which is based on a glass/polymer composite [28,29] (refer to Sect. 3.1). This material is available in different shapes including rods, disks, and Raschig rings. The polymeric phase of this composite was chemically functionalized (e.g., substitution of the benzylic chlorine by trimethylamine or sulfonation). Rod-shaped objects were first embedded in a solvent-resistant and shrinkable PTFE tube. This was followed by encapsulation with a pressure-resistant fiber-reinforced epoxy resin housing with two standard HPLC fittings, which created... 

Koerner, T. and Oleschuk, R. D., Porous polymer monolith assisted electrospray from a glass microdevice. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr., 19, 3279, 2005. 

Several approaches towards monolithic GC columns based on open pore foams prepared in large diameter glass tubes were reported in the early 1970s [26,27, 110]. However, these columns had poor efficiencies, and the foams possessed only limited sample capacities in the gas-solid GC mode. Subsequent experiments with polymerized polymer layer open tubular (PLOT) columns where the capillary had completely been filled with the polymer were assumed to be failures since the resulting stationary phase did not allow the gaseous mobile phase to flow [111]. 

Partlow, D. E. and B. E. Yoldas. 1981. Colloidal versus polymer gels and monolithic transformation in glass forming systems. J. Non-Crystalline Solids 46 153-161. 

These highly porous glasses retain a rigid and exposed interfacial surface area (typically 300-1000 m g ), whereas conventional organic polymer beads swell and shrink in different solvents, often with unpredictable effects on catalysis Functionalization of a monolithic (largest dimension 1 mm) gel affords a bulk catalyst sample. This obviates the need for filtration to recover the catalyst tweezers can be used instead ... 

Influence of the Polymerization Time on the Porous Properties of Monolithic MS/BVPE Networks, Considering Capillary Columns (80x0.2 mm I.D.) for ISEC and Glass Vial Bulk Polymers for MIP and BET Measurements... 

FIGURE 5.6 SEM image of the monolithic polymer in a borofloat glass chip [342], Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

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