Glass-Metal Joints

Specificallly for ultra-violet light-cured glass-metal joints Anaerobic adhesives on threaded fasteners... 

Epoxy-phenolic adhesives were developed primarily for bonding metal joints in high-temperature applications. Their first major application was to join major aircraft components. They are also commonly used for bonding glass, ceramics, and phenolic composites. Because of their relatively good flow properties, epoxy phenolics are also used for bonding honeycomb sandwich composites. 

Use Lubricating ground glass and metal joints and stopcocks, and for sealing desiccators and similar vessels. 

J. K. Kruger, W. Possart, R. Bactavatcha-lou, U. Muller, T. Britz, R. Santuary, P. Alnot (2004). Gradient of the mechanical modulus in glass-epoxy-metal joints as measured by Brillouin microscopy. /. Adhesion, 80, 585—599. 

This adhesive group has been promoted for use as a sealant. The adhesives used are acrylate acid diesters (polyester-acrylic). They are essentially monomeric thin liquids that polymerize to form a tough plastic bond when confined between closely fitting metal joints. Contact with air before use keeps the monomeric adhesive liquid. Metal surfaces accelerate the polymerization in the absence of air (anaerobic conditions). These materials will bond all common metals, glass, ceramics, and thermosetting plastics to each other. Phenolic plastics and some plated metals, such as cadmium and zinc, require a primer such as ferric chloride. Polymerization is essentially a free-radical-type addition polymerization. " ... 

ASTM D3658-01 Standard practice for determining the torque strength of ultraviolet light-cured glass/metal adhesive joints. 

In Equations (5.33) and (5.34) the indices 1 and 2 refer to the upper and lower members, respectively, of a single-lap joint and s and p refer to the side and centre plates, respectively, of a double-lap joint. The lap thickness is denoted by t, elastic modulus of members and fasteners by E and Ef respectively, and fastener diameter by db. The empirical constants a and b depend on the material of the members and the type of fastener. For bolted metallic members (a=2/3, b=3.0), for riveted metallic members (a=2/5, b=2.2), and for bolted carbon FRF members (a=2/3, b=4.2). It is recommended that the values valid for carbon FRF members be used for glass FRF joint composites until specific data are available. 

Specifically for ultraviolet light-cured glass-to-metal joints... 

Determining the Torque Strength of Ultraviolet (I IV) Idght-Cured Glass/Metal Adhesive Joints, Practice for (D 3658)... 

Even though the relative difference of atomic radii of Bi (1.56) and Pb (1.75) amounts to about 12%, the solubility of Bi reaches 23.5 wt% at 184°C and 7.5 wt% at room temperature. While Bi addition has very little influence on mechanical properties, Pb—Bi alloys excellent wetting properties make them valuable as solders for glass-to-metal joints. Their desirable solidification shrinkage characteristics and casting properties (that provide an ability to reproduce surface details) make them useful in printing and prototyping applications. 

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