Glass-forming liquids metallic

The extension of the crystalline polypropylene data to the melting point shows the difference in liquid and crystalline heat capacity almost disappearing, giving an appearance akin to that of the glass-forming liquid metals (44), the crystalline states of which melt to liquids of very low viscosity. 

Busch, R. (2000) The thermo-physical properties of bulk metallic glass-forming liquids, J. Metals, 52, 39- 2. 

Johnson, W. L., Demetriou, M. D., Harmon, J. S., Lind, M. L., and Samwer, K. (2007) Rheology and ultrasonic properties of metallic glass-forming liquids A potential energy landscape perspective, MRS Bull., 32, 644-650. 

Lin, X.H. Johnson, W.L. Rhim, W.K (1997). Effect of oxygen impurity on crystallization of an undercooled bulk glass forming Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Al alloy. Materials Transactions JIM, Vol. 38, No. 5, (May 1997), pp. 473-477, ISSN 0916-1821 Lohwongwatana, B. Schroers, J. Johnson, W.L. (2006). Strain rate induced crystallization in bulk metallic glass-forming liquid. Physical Review Eetters, Vol. 96, No. 7, (Febuary 2006), pp. 075503, ISSN 0031-9007... 

Glasses, like metals, are formed by deformation. Liquid metals have a low viscosity (about the same as that of water), and transform discontinuously to a solid when they are cast and cooled. The viscosity of glasses falls slowly and continuously as they are heated. Viscosity is defined in the way shown in Fig. 19.7. If a shear stress is applied to the hot glass, it shears at a shear strain rate 7. Then the viscosity, ij, is defined by... 

The cell employed must be re-designed, and in a typical form the metal electrodes (which need not be platinum) encircle the outside of the glass container and are situated about 2.5 cm apart. Thus they are not in contact with the liquid which can be advantageous for dealing with corrosive materials. Various forms of apparatus suitable for use with such cells have been devised.18,19... 

Metal/molten salt interfaces have been studied mainly by electrocapillary833-838 and differential capacitance839-841 methods. Sometimes the estance method has been used.842 Electrocapillary and impedance measurements in molten salts are complicated by nonideal polarizability of metals, as well as wetting of the glass capillary by liquid metals. The capacitance data for liquid and solid electrodes in contact with molten salt show a well-defined minimum in C,E curves and usually have a symmetrical parabolic form.8 10,839-841 Sometimes inflections or steps associated with adsorption processes arise, whose nature, however, is unclear.8,10 A minimum in the C,E curve lies at potentials close to the electrocapillary maximum, but some difference is observed, which is associated with errors in comparing reference electrode (usually Pb/2.5% PbCl2 + LiCl + KC1)840 potential values used in different studies.8,10 It should be noted that any comparison of experimental data in aqueous electrolytes and in molten salts is somewhat questionable. 

Heavy sdvery-white liquid does not wet glass forms tiny globules the only metal that occurs at ordinary temperatures as a hquid and one of the two hquid elements at ambient temperatures (the other one being bromine) density 13.534 g/cm3 solidifies at -38.83°C vaporizes at 356.73°C vapor pressure 0.015 torr at 50°C, 0.278 torr at 100°C and 17.29 torr at 200°C critical temperature 1,477°C critical pressure 732 atm critical volume 43cm3/mol resistivity 95.8x10 ohm/cm at 20°C surface tension 485.5 dynes/cm at 25°C vis-... 

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