Glass-forming liquids

Tokmakoff A and Fayer M D 1995 Homogeneous vibrational dynamics and inhomogeneous broadening in glass-forming liquids infrared photon echo experiments from room temperature to 10 KJ. Chem. Phys. 103 2810-26... 

The solidity of gel electrolytes results from chain entanglements. At high temperatures they flow like liquids, but on cooling they show a small increase in the shear modulus at temperatures well above T. This is the liquid-to-rubber transition. The values of shear modulus and viscosity for rubbery solids are considerably lower than those for glass forming liquids at an equivalent structural relaxation time. The local or microscopic viscosity relaxation time of the rubbery material, which is reflected in the 7], obeys a VTF equation with a pre-exponential factor equivalent to that for small-molecule liquids. Above the liquid-to-rubber transition, the VTF equation is also obeyed but the pre-exponential term for viscosity is much larger than is typical for small-molecule liquids and is dependent on the polymer molecular weight. 

ML Williams, RF Landel, JD Ferry. The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids. J Am Chem Soc 77 3701-3707, 1955. 

Kirillov, S. A., Yannopoulos, S. N., Vibrational dynamics as an indicator of short-time interactions in glass-forming liquids and their possible relation to cooperativity, J. Chem. Phys., 117, 1220-1230(2002). 

Figure 8.27 Heat capacity of some glass-forming liquids close to their glass transition temperatures ZnCl2 [45], GeSe2 [46], and a selected titanosilicate [47], aluminosilicate [48] and borosilicate [49] system.

Glass-Forming Liquids I. Temperature Derivative Analysis of Dielectric Relaxation Data. 

Glass-Forming Liquids II. Detailed Comparison of Dielectric Relaxation, DC-Conductivity and Viscosity Data. 

What Do We Learn from the Local Geometry of Glass-Forming Liquids ... 

Cooperative Relaxation Properties in Glass-Forming Liquids. 

M. L. Williams, R.R Landel, and J.D. Ferry The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-Forming Liquids. ... 

G. Adam and J. H. Gibbs, On the temperature dependence of cooperative relaxation properties in glass-forming liquids. J. Chem. Phys. 43, 139-146 (1965). 

E. Sciortino and P. Tartaglia, Extension of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to the physical aging of a model glass-forming liquid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 107-110 (2001). 

The thermodynamic path to glass formation is marked by other characteristic temperatures besides Ta- These characteristic temperatures are universal in glass-forming liquids and serve to define the breadth and nature of glass... 

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