Glass containing yttrium

Jiang et al. (2004) developed a hydrometallurgical process to recover the rare earths from the spent optical glass containing lanthanum, yttrium, and... 

As in the case for transarterial chemoemboliza-tion (FACE, Chapter 10), radioembolization takes advantage of the preferential hepatic arterial supply of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to deliver targeted therapy to the tumor, relatively sparing the liver parenchyma, which is mostly supported by the portal venous system. Radioembolization is effected via intra-arterial delivery of carrier spheres onto which radioactive particles are attached. There are two types of radioactive microspheres that can be used in the treatment of primary (and metastatic for that matter) liver disease. They both contain Yttrium-90 ( °Y) as the active element but differ in the type of carrier particle. The first is Y glass... 

Besides yttrium and neodymium, several studies were also carried out with other R elements, for example in the R-Si-O-N systems by Ohashi et al. (1995). Makishima et al. (1980, 1983) prepared a La-Si-O-N oxynitride glass containing 18 at.% N at 1650-1700°C under high N2 pressure (3 MPa). The glass was transparent and very hard, with a Vickers hardness of 12.0 GPa. 

Solid-state lasers using substitutional neodymium (Nd3+ ions) as the active defects are widely available. Practical lasers contain about 1% Nd3+ dopant. The most common host materials are glass, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), Y3A15012, and calcium tungstate, CaW04. In the crystalline host structures, the defects responsible for amplification are NdY and Ndca-... 

Andrews JC, Walker SC, Ackermann RJ et al (1994) Hepatic radioembolization with yttrium-90 containing glass microspheres preliminary results and clinical follow-up. J Nucl Med 35 1637-1644... 

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