Gironde estuary

Berger, P. and Ewald, M., 1984. Application of the fluorescence quenching titration method to the complexation of copper (II) in the Gironde estuary (France). Mar. Chem., 14 289-295. 

The results of two surveys are reported on Fig. 6, S.S.A. appears to be lower in the river part, especially for the Gironde estuary. It usually increases as soon as the tidal influence is observed with a clear maximum located around the salt intrusion. Many processes can affect particulate matter in this part of estuaries. The increase could be due to the destruction of some floes formed upstream as observed by Eisma (personal communication) or to a chemical evolution of the superficial composition of particles as discussed below. 

Fig. 8. Comparative evolution of the maximum floe size and the specific surface area in the Gironde estuary.

Fig. 12. Evolution of the heat of immersion in the Gironde (closed circles) and Loire (open squares) estuaries. Stars "amorphorus free " samples, Gironde estuary.

Fig. 13. Correlation between heat of immersion and cation exchange capacity in the Gironde and Loire estuaries. Data from years 1981 and 1983. All data from the Gironde estuary but ICOLO 35 (Loire estuary).

Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Huang, W.W., 3ednacak-Biscan, 3., Martin, 3.M. and Thomas, A.3., 1982. Trace metal behaviour in the Gironde estuary the problem revisited. Thalassia 3ugoslavica, 18 61-96. 

Martin, 3.M., Mouchel, 3.M. and Thomas, A.3., 1984. Time concepts in hydrodynamic systems an application to the Gironde estuary. Invited conference paper VIII Int. Symp. "Chemistry of the Mediterranean". Residence time of microconstituents in coastal waters, Primosten, Yugoslavia, May 16-24, Marine Chemistry (in press). 

Budzinski, H., Jones, I., Bellocq, J., Pierard, C., Garrigues, P., 1997. Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Mar. Chem. 58, 85-97. 

Figure 13.6 Vertical profiles of suspended particulate matter (SPM), oxygen, total alkalinity (TAIk), pH, calculated DIC, and pC02, NC>3, NC>2, and NH4+ in bottom water and fluid muds in the Gironde estuary. (Modified from Abril et al., 1999.)...

Table 13.3 Inorganic carbon budget (t C d 1) of the Gironde Estuary (France) in September 1997.

Ruch, P, Mirmand, M., Jouanneau, J.M., and Latouch, C. (1993) Sediment budget and transfer of suspended sediment from the Gironde estuary to Cape Ferret Canyon. Mar. Geol. 114, 37-57. 

Boost D and Saas A (1981) A selective chemical extraction procedure applied to trace metals composition comparison between several reagents on two types of sediments (Seine and Gironde estuaries). In Ernst WHO, ed. Proc. Intern. Heavy metals in the environment, pp. 709 — 711. CEP Consultants, Edinburgh. 

The mean pre-industrial concentration of dissolved Cd in rivers has been estimated to be 45 pM [13]. As a result of anthropogenic contamination, the mean for dissolved Cd measured in all rivers worldwide in the early 1980s was four times higher (200 pM) [14]. Many river systems have much higher Cd concentrations as a result of pollution from industry and historic mining. For example, the mean dissolved Cd concentrations in the Lot and Garonne rivers (which feed the Gironde estuary in France see below) were 1.3 and 0.8 nM, respectively (measured from 1992-1998 [15]). 

Figure 8 Dissolved cadmium in the Gironde Estuary System. D = Dordogne River, G1 = Garonne River, G2 = Garonne River at high flow. Open square is the water-discharge weighted mean of the Dordogne and Garonne Rivers. Circles represent estuarine samples. Line shows the fit of a mass balance and chemical equilibrium model to measurement data. Redrawn from Ref. [29].

LAGARDERE J P and MARIANI A (2006) Spawning sounds in meagre Argyrosomus regius recorded in the Gironde estuary, France. Journal of Fish Biology 69 1697-1708. 

The first report on the estuarine distribution and chemistry of lanthanides was published for the Gironde estuary by Martin et al. (1976). This work pointed to the reactive nature of these elements during estuarine mixing, specifically the removal of dissolved lanthanides from river water. Papers on the estuarine chemistry of the lanthanides are few in number and include Martin et al. (1976), Hoyle et al. (1984), Goldstein and Jacobsen (1988c), Sholkovitz and Elderfield (1988), Elderfield et al. (1990), Sholkovitz et al. (1992) and Sholkovitz (1992b, 1993, 1995). The subject of these works, reactivity of dissolved and colloidal phases, is the focus of this section. While there are no review articles on the estuarine chemistry of lanthanides, Elderfield et al. (1990) and Sholkovitz (1995) provide the most comprehensive overviews. Papers on lanthanides in suspended particles and sediments (Gordeev et al. 1985, Sholkovitz 1990, Somayajulu et al. 1993) will not be discussed here. 

Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the gironde estuary. Org. Geochem., 40(6), 706-719. 

---